Vŭrbina 3

Vyrbina3.final_.2.mp3

1 (VZh) [How do you make banitsa?]

[...]

2 (a) [0:01] Well how can I not tell you this? It’s easy!

disc

how interr

comp

dat 2sg clt

neg

say 1sg pres P

disc

this sg n med adj

easy adv

3 (VZh) So go ahead.

xàjde

hort

хайде

4 (a) [0:05] For potato banitsa there are graters. We grate [the potatoes]. We peel them

potato sg m adj

banitsa sg m

pres exist

dat refl clt

grater pl n

and

acc m 3sg clt

grate 1pl pres P

peel 1pl pres P

acc m 3sg clt

5 (a) [0:09] and grate them. Then [we take] a few onions and grate them onto the potatoes,

grate 1pl pres P

acc m 3sg clt

and

onion pl m

head pl f

dat m 3sg clt

[...]

grate 1pl pres I

potato sg m def dist

6 (a) [0:15] then you mix it up and put it in the pan with – we make pastry sheets,

and

mix 2sg pres P

acc m 3sg clt

and

pan sg f def dist

acc m 3sg clt

put 2sg pres P

with

pastry.sheet pl f

dat m 3sg clt

make 1pl pres P

7 (a) [0:19] two each above and below [the filling], and there it is.

two f

pastry.sheet pl f

from

high adv

and

from

low adv

and

what indcl interr

8 (a) [0:23] Not like the pastry sheets you get now at the store, already rolled out.

disc

neg

like prox

now adv

pastry.sheet pl f def dist

comp

acc 3pl clt

bring 3pl pres P

roll pl P.part P

9 (a) [0:26] that’s how we made it.

thus dist adv

acc m 3sg clt

1pl pres aux clt

make pl L.part I

10 (VZh) [When do you plant potatoes?]

[...]

11 (a) [0:29] Potatoes are sown in groups of three seed potatoes.

thus dist adv

acc refl clt

sow 3pl pres I

potato pl m def dist

three

potato ct m

12 (a) [0:32] With the oxen, the others make ditches, and then we go by afterwards

with

ox pl m def dist

acc m 3sg clt

make 3pl pres P

furrow pl n

and

nom 1pl

pass 1pl pres P

after adv

13 (a) [0:36] and drop [the seed potatoes into the ditches] at this much of a distance [from one another].

and

acc m 3sg clt

so.much prox adv

far adv

[...]

release 1pl pres P

14 (a) [0:39] You tamp [the earth] down good, then come by again to hoe it, and that’s enough.

and

zàruvì

bury sg imv P

заровя

acc m 3sg clt

той

and

acc 3pl clt

and

pass sg imv P

acc m 3sg clt

hoe sg imv P

and

so.much dist adv

dat 2sg clt

3sg pres cop clt

15 (a) [0:43] Then you dig around, and we make ditches [for planting] again.

and

vəzrìvə

dig.around 3sg pres I

acc refl clt

and

[...]

furrow pl n

later adv

dat m 3sg clt

make 1pl pres I

16 (a) [0:46] We hoe it once like the first time, and then again,

once adv

acc m 3sg clt

hoe 1pl pres I

first adv

and

later adv

again adv

17 (a) [0:49] we hoe it again like this.

again adv

acc m 3sg clt

hoe 1pl pres I

thus dist adv

18 (VZh) Why did you keep cats in the house in the old days?

for

what sg n interr

look 2pl impf I

hank pl f

one sg n adj

time sg n

house pl f def

19 (a) [0:54] Well, for mice!

for

mouse pl f

interr

20 (a) [0:55] For mice, but we don’t have mice.

for

mouse pl f

but

nom 1pl

not.have 1pl pres I

mouse pl f def dist

21 (a) [0:57] And now I don’t [want to] deal with a cat in my house.

and

now adv

neg

occupy 1sg pres I

cat sg f

comp

acc 1sg clt

enter 3sg pres I

22 (VZh) Ah.

à

disc

23 (a) [0:59] It will bring fleas! [laughter]

comp

bring 3sg pres P

flea pl f

24 (VZh) [laughter]

[...]

25 (a) [1:03] [laughter] I don’t need [that].

neg

не

tr’èvə

need pres I imprs

трябва

26 (VZh) [What kind of work did the men do?]

[...]

27 (a) [1:05] The men [would go] to Kurdzhali, to Plovdiv.

and

man pl m def

Kurdzhali sg m place

Plovdiv sg m place

28 (b) [unintelligible]

[...]

29 (a) [1:09] [They worked] with these bundles; [the problem was] not the bundles, but that they drove them crazy.

disc

disc

with

handful pl m

one pl adj

neg

handful pl m

disc

drive.crazy 3pl impf I

чалдисвам

30 (b) [1:13] From the monopoly, the monopoly.

from

monopoly sg m

monopoly sg m

31 (a) [1:14] They worked in the monopoly.

monopoly sg m def

3pl pres aux clt

work pl L.part I

32 (b) [1:16] The tobacco one.

t’ut’ùn’evə

tobacco sg m def adj

тютюнев

33 (a) [1:16] The tobacco [monopoly].

t’ut’ùn’evə

tobacco sg m def adj

тютюнев

34 (VZh) Uh huh.

əmxəm

bkch

35 (b) [1:16] But [unintelligible] –

ama

but

ама

36 (a) [1:16] Our husbands worked there, while we were [here]

our pl def med adj

husband pl m

3pl pres aux clt

there adv

work pl L.part I

and

nom 1pl

1pl pres aux clt

pl L.part cop

37 (a) [1:21] [doing] men’s and women’s [work]. We [would] do the plowing and planting,

and

female pl adj

and

male pl adj

and

comp

plow 1pl pres I

and

comp

plant 1pl pres I

38 (a) [1:23] we would take the mules around and load up wood

and

mule pl n def dist

again adv

comp

drive.around 1pl pres I

and

wood pl n

comp

load 1pl pres I

39 (a) [1:26] and chop it, and everything. That’s how it was.

and

comp

cut 1pl pres I

and

everything sg n adj

3sg pres aux clt

sg n L.part cop

thus dist adv

40 (a) [1:29] And that’s how we’ve gotten this way – unable to get around. [laughter] What [can you do]?

rel med

nom 1pl

1pl pres cop clt

from

this sg n med adj

such pl prox adj

become pl L.part P

immobilized indcl

how interr

41 (VZh) [What have you gotten to be?]

[...]

42 (a) [1:34] I said we’re lame. We can’t get around. Without [use of] legs or arms.

say 1sg pres I

lame pl adj

become 1pl aor P

immobilized indcl

without

leg pl f

and

without

without

arm pl f

43 (a) [1:38] My arms [for instance]: the mule completely ruined the tendons on one arm.

arm pl f def prox

one sg f def adj

now adv

mule sg n

one sg f def adj

dat 1sg clt

break 3sg aor P

tendon pl f def prox

all indcl

44 (a) [1:42] And my legs have stopped functioning, from walking and carrying heavy loads:

leg pl f def prox

from

go vbl.n I

and

from

load vbl.n I

heavy sg n adj

take 3pl aor P

comp

neg

go 3pl pres I

45 (a) [1:46] they don’t even allow me to go outdoors. People say, “Just sit here!”

and

neg

give 3pl pres I

dat 1sg clt

nom 3pl

comp

go 1sg pres I

neither

outside adv

call 3pl pres I

sit sg imv I

here adv

46 (a) [1:49] You’ve already done all the walking you needed to!” [laughter]

nom 2sg

2sg pres aux clt

walk sg f L.part P

rel dist

3sg pres aux clt

need L.part I imprs

47 (b) [1:52] And then she stopped being able to get around.

and

then med adv

become 3sg aor P

immoblized indcl

48 (b) [1:53] And I became unable to get around, and now I just sit here

and

become 1sg aor P

then med adv

immobilized indcl

thus prox adv

comp

acc n 3sg clt

sit 1sg pres I

49 (b) [1:56] and get to eat for free [without working for it]! [laughter]

and

comp

eat 1sg pres I

for

ready indcl

50 (VZh) [How do you raise tobacco?]

[...]

51 (a) [1:59] Back then we’d get out and go pluck the tobacco seedlings here

then dist adv

take 1pl pres P

and

go 1pl pres I

and

acc m 3sg clt

pluck 1pl pres P

seedling sg f

here adv

52 (a) [2:03] in the garden. There were [tobacco plants all the way] from here to here

grədɨ̀nətə

garden sg f def med

градина

and

from

here adv

and

here adv

exist impf I

53 (a) [2:05] We would make “hearths” (holes in the soil), then take them and plant them.

and

make 1pl pres P

hearth pl m

and

then med adv

acc m 3sg clt

pluck 1pl pres I

and

acc m 3sg clt

acc m 3sg clt

plant 1pl pres I

54 (a) [2:08] We had four decares planted with tobacco up above our house.

and

four

decare ct m

above

house sg f def prox

here adv

plant sg m P.part I

tobacco sg m

55 (a) [2:12] I had a daughter, I had a brother, and then I was all alone

and

have 1sg impf I

and

daughter sg f

and

have 1sg impf I

and

brother sg m

then med adv

remain 1sg aor P

and

alone sg f

56 (a) [2:16] until I could get a bride [for my son]. After all, that’s why I had [another] child,

until

comp

take 1sg pres I

bride sg f

again adv

most

later adv

1sg pres aux clt

bear sg f L.part P

57 (a) [2:22] so as to get a bride because of all the trouble

for

bride sg f

comp

take 1sg pres I

and

for

trouble sg f def med

58 (a) [2:22] that was sitting on my shoulders [laughter]. I [would] go then to thread [tobacco]

and

and

my pl adj

shoulders pl.t

3sg pres aux clt

sg n L.part cop

then med adv

go 1sg pres P

and

prick 1sg pres I

59 (a) [2:27] I’d thread it as far as I could, until I got tired and went to eat my fill,

prick 1sg pres I

where rel dist

can 1sg pres I

comp

acc refl clt

tire 1sg pres P

go 1sg pres P

acc refl clt

eat 1sg pres P

60 (a) [2:30] and then back to thread again, heat or no heat. What can you do?

again adv

go 1sg pres P

bake 3sg pres I

neg

bake 3sg pres I

fut

comp

prick 2sg pres I

what indcl interr

fut

do 2sg pres I

61 (a) [2:33] They won’t pay you if you don’t harness yourself [to the work] [laughter]

nom 3pl

neg

give 3pl pres I

money pl.t

comp

neg

neg

harness 2sg pres I

acc refl clt

62 (VZh) [How do you plant it?]

[...]

63 (b) [2:38] [unintelligible] in beds, in beds!

bed pl f

bed pl f

64 (VZh) Yes.

dà

yes

да

65 (a) [2:39] We make “hearths” (holes in the soil) and sow them in beds in the garden.

hearth pl m

acc m 3sg clt

sow 1pl pres I

bed pl f

bed pl f def dist

garden sg f def dist

acc 3pl clt

sow 1pl pres P

66 (a) [2:44] Then we pull them up and transplant them. We carry them in boxes –

then med adv

thin.out 1pl pres P

and

plant 1pl pres P

and

then dist adv

acc 3pl clt

carry 1pl pres I

box pl m

67 (a) [2:50] carry them off in boxes and transplant them using awls, special awls

box pl m

acc m 3sg clt

carry 1pl pres P

transplant 1pl pres I

with

one pl adj

and

awl pl n

pronged.awl sg n

68 (a) [2:55] [on] all [of them], we hoe them – we hoe them two times

everything sg n adj

and

then med adv

again adv

when conj

acc m 3sg clt

hoe 1pl pres P

acc m 3sg clt

twice adv

acc 3sg clt

hoe 1pl pres I

69 (a) [2:59] and then gather them in – the first group, the second, the third and the fourth.

and

then adv

gather 1pl pres P

first sg f adj

hand sg f

second sg f adj

hand sg f

third sg f adj

hand sg f

and

fourth sg f adj

hand sg f

70 (b) [3:04] And then you mow [the field].

then med adv

acc n 3sg clt

mow 2sg pres P

71 (a) [3:05] Then we mow it, and then you get offshoots.

excl

then med adv

acc n 3sg clt

mow 1pl pres I

again adv

become 3sg pres P

offshoot sg m

72 (a) [3:09] But we couldn’t gather anything of it in. And what happened this year?

and

and

acc m 3sg clt

neg

can pres imprs

gather 1pl impf P

disc

this sg f prox adj

year sg f

what indcl interr

become 3sg aor P

73 (a) [3:12] The tobacco was [so bad] that [all the effort] we put into it was in vain.

tobacco sg m def

become 3sg aor P

already adv

excl

that conj

1pl pres aux clt

give pl L.part I

strain sg m

74 (a) [3:14] Out of four or five decares we got [only] eight rounds [of tobacco leaves].

from

four

from

five

decare ct m

and

acc refl clt

and

with

eight

measure ct m

1pl pres cop clt

75 (a) [3:19] So why did we put in all this trouble and not get any benefit out of it?

and

for

what indcl interr

dat refl clt

1pl pres aux clt

give pl L.part I

strain sg m

and

not.have 1pl pres I

benefit sg f

no.kind sg f adj

76 (a) [3:21] They gave us next to nothing for it.

from

acc m 3sg

bad adv

3pl pres aux clt

give pl L.part P

77 (VZh) [Did you get more in other years?]

[...]

78 (a) [3:27] When the tobacco was this high, [hard rains] fell and ruined it.

and

and

when interr

when rel dist

tobacco sg m def dist

3sg impf cop

so.much prox adv

and

fall 3sg aor P

and

acc m 3sg clt

spoil 3sg aor P

79 (a) [3:30] So then we hoed it over, started again, and [the rains] fell again,

and

then med adv

acc m 3sg clt

again adv

hoe 1pl aor P

gather 1pl aor P

acc m 3sg clt

fall 3sg aor P

80 (a) [3:34] and then again, and then a third time, and then the offshoots grew.

and

twice adv

fall 3sg aor P

and

twice adv

thrice adv

and

then med adv

rel dist

grow 3sg aor P

offshoot sg m

81 (a) [3:37] [In the past] we’ve had "utus" (30) rounds, "trijset" (30) rounds [of tobacco] each,

and

thirty

measure pl m

thirty

measure pl m

1pl pres aux clt

have pl L.part I

82 (a) [3:41] [in fact] we’ve made up to forty rounds each. But [this year] we managed [only] eight rounds.

forty

measure pl m

1pl pres aux clt

make pl L.part I

but

but

1pl pres aux clt

create pl L.part P

eight

measure pl m

83 (b) [unintelligible]

[...]

84 (a) [3:47] [Just] this many. Just as many rounds as [the fingers on] these hands here: eight.

so.much prox adv

3sg pres cop clt

so.much prox adv

3pl pres cop clt

measure pl m def dist

how.many rel prox

so.many prox adv

hand pl f

eight

85 (VZh) [And in the old days, how many rounds did you do each?]

[...]

86 (a) [3:53] [when it should have been] "kŭrk" (40) rounds each.

but

hes

forty

measure pl m

87 (VZh) [What does a wooden plow look like?]

[...]

88 (a) [3:56] They put a plowshare on it, forged by Gypsies, and the plow is shaped like this

dat n 3sg clt

put 3pl pres P

plowshare sg m

Egyptian pl m def dist

forge sg n P.part P

and

plow sg n def dist

shape sg n P.part P

thus P prox adv

89 (a) [4:01] it goes through the earth, it turns it over, and turns it over [again].

and

walk 3sg pres I

through

earth sg f def dist

and

acc n 3sg clt

turn 3sg pres I

acc n 3sg clt

turn 3sg pres I

acc n 3sg clt

90 (a) [4:05] it’s not like this thing here, like a tractor [that does] a lot. [It just does] a little.

nom n 3sg

neg

like dist

that sg m def dist adj

like dist

tractor sg m def dist

much adv

nom n 3sg

little adv

91 (a) [4:08] We plow and plow and then tomorrow you plow [some more]

fut

plow 1pl pres I

plow 1pl pres I

and

again adv

and

tomorrow adv

fut

plow 2sg pres I

92 (a) [4:11] You squeeze the oxen [into the yoke] – two oxen, and the plow goes between them.

fut

force.in 2sg pres P

ox pl m def dist

two m

ox ct m

and

plow sg n def dist

between

walk 3sg pres I

93 (b) [4:16] So what [exactly] is there on a plow?

plow sg n def dist

what indcl interr

and

what indcl interr

pres exist

94 (a) [4:18] It’s got everything. There’s moldboards on the plow, and iron, and the plowshare, and –

pres exist

everything sg n adj

and

ear pl n

plow sg n def dist

pres exist

and

iron sg n

pres exist

and

plowshare sg m

and

95 (VZh) [How is a house built?]

[...]

96 (a) [4:26] For a house, they dig out the foundation, then build it with stone and beams

house sg f def dist

dig 3pl pres P

foundation pl m

and

build 3pl pres I

acc f 3sg clt

with

stone pl m

and

beam pl f

97 (a) [4:31] and boards. There weren’t any that were already shaped, or bought.

and

board pl f

[...]

shape pl P.part P

buy pl P.part P

impf neg exist

98 (b) [unintelligible]

[...]

99 (a) [4:35] Whoever had [anything] would bring it from afar, from the mountains.

from

far adv

from

mountain sg f def med

which rel med

dat refl clt

have 3sg impf I

bring 3sg impf I

100 (a) [4:37] but if not, then [they worked] with some sort of shaped boards.

but

if conj

not

then med adv

with

shape pl P.part I

board pl f

such pl dist adj

101 (a) [4:41] not in – That’s how we lived.

not

hes

[...]

such sg n dist adj

1pl pres aux clt

and

sit pl L.part I

102 (c) [4:43] There wasn't – [unintelligible]

neg

3sg pres aux clt

L.part exist

103 (a) [4:43] In the hearth! [That’s where] the fire was. There weren’t these stoves and what-all

hearth sg f

fire sg m def dist

neg

3sg pres aux clt

L.part exist

such pl prox adj

stove pl f

who.knows adv

what indcl interr

104 (a) [4:49] We’ve only recently seen such stoves, just a few years ago.

nom 1pl

1pl pres aux clt

recently adv

see pl L.part P

stove pl f def prox

some sg f adj

year sg f

105 (a) [4:54] [We did cooking] in the fire, in the hearth, [in pots hanging] on a chain

fire sg m def dist

hearth sg f

and

with

chain sg f

106 (a) [4:58] on a chain [that was] put on a piece of wood in the hearth. You cook in a cauldron

chain sg f

wood sg n

put sg f P.part P

hearth sg f def dist

and

and

cauldron sg f

comp

boil 2sg pres I

107 (a) [5:01] hanging from this iron [thing] – we called it a chain.

hang sg n P.part P

from

iron pl n

disc

chain sg f

acc n 3sg clt

call 1pl pres I

Main menu

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Map

Participants

VZh

a

b

c

Vŭrbina 3

1 (VZh) [How do you make banitsa?]

2 (a) [0:01] Well how can I not tell you this? It’s easy!

3 (VZh) So go ahead.

4 (a) [0:05] For potato banitsa there are graters. We grate [the potatoes]. We peel them

5 (a) [0:09] and grate them. Then [we take] a few onions and grate them onto the potatoes,

6 (a) [0:15] then you mix it up and put it in the pan with – we make pastry sheets,

7 (a) [0:19] two each above and below [the filling], and there it is.

8 (a) [0:23] Not like the pastry sheets you get now at the store, already rolled out.

9 (a) [0:26] that’s how we made it.

10 (VZh) [When do you plant potatoes?]

11 (a) [0:29] Potatoes are sown in groups of three seed potatoes.

12 (a) [0:32] With the oxen, the others make ditches, and then we go by afterwards

13 (a) [0:36] and drop [the seed potatoes into the ditches] at this much of a distance [from one another].

14 (a) [0:39] You tamp [the earth] down good, then come by again to hoe it, and that’s enough.

15 (a) [0:43] Then you dig around, and we make ditches [for planting] again.

16 (a) [0:46] We hoe it once like the first time, and then again,

17 (a) [0:49] we hoe it again like this.

18 (VZh) Why did you keep cats in the house in the old days?

19 (a) [0:54] Well, for mice!

20 (a) [0:55] For mice, but we don’t have mice.

21 (a) [0:57] And now I don’t [want to] deal with a cat in my house.

22 (VZh) Ah.

23 (a) [0:59] It will bring fleas! [laughter]

24 (VZh) [laughter]

25 (a) [1:03] [laughter] I don’t need [that].

26 (VZh) [What kind of work did the men do?]

27 (a) [1:05] The men [would go] to Kurdzhali, to Plovdiv.

28 (b) [unintelligible]

29 (a) [1:09] [They worked] with these bundles; [the problem was] not the bundles, but that they drove them crazy.

30 (b) [1:13] From the monopoly, the monopoly.

31 (a) [1:14] They worked in the monopoly.

32 (b) [1:16] The tobacco one.

33 (a) [1:16] The tobacco [monopoly].

34 (VZh) Uh huh.

35 (b) [1:16] But [unintelligible] –

36 (a) [1:16] Our husbands worked there, while we were [here]

37 (a) [1:21] [doing] men’s and women’s [work]. We [would] do the plowing and planting,

38 (a) [1:23] we would take the mules around and load up wood

39 (a) [1:26] and chop it, and everything. That’s how it was.

40 (a) [1:29] And that’s how we’ve gotten this way – unable to get around. [laughter] What [can you do]?

41 (VZh) [What have you gotten to be?]

42 (a) [1:34] I said we’re lame. We can’t get around. Without [use of] legs or arms.

43 (a) [1:38] My arms [for instance]: the mule completely ruined the tendons on one arm.

44 (a) [1:42] And my legs have stopped functioning, from walking and carrying heavy loads:

45 (a) [1:46] they don’t even allow me to go outdoors. People say, “Just sit here!”

46 (a) [1:49] You’ve already done all the walking you needed to!” [laughter]

47 (b) [1:52] And then she stopped being able to get around.

48 (b) [1:53] And I became unable to get around, and now I just sit here

49 (b) [1:56] and get to eat for free [without working for it]! [laughter]

50 (VZh) [How do you raise tobacco?]

51 (a) [1:59] Back then we’d get out and go pluck the tobacco seedlings here

52 (a) [2:03] in the garden. There were [tobacco plants all the way] from here to here

53 (a) [2:05] We would make “hearths” (holes in the soil), then take them and plant them.

54 (a) [2:08] We had four decares planted with tobacco up above our house.

55 (a) [2:12] I had a daughter, I had a brother, and then I was all alone

56 (a) [2:16] until I could get a bride [for my son]. After all, that’s why I had [another] child,

57 (a) [2:22] so as to get a bride because of all the trouble

58 (a) [2:22] that was sitting on my shoulders [laughter]. I [would] go then to thread [tobacco]

59 (a) [2:27] I’d thread it as far as I could, until I got tired and went to eat my fill,

60 (a) [2:30] and then back to thread again, heat or no heat. What can you do?

61 (a) [2:33] They won’t pay you if you don’t harness yourself [to the work] [laughter]

62 (VZh) [How do you plant it?]

63 (b) [2:38] [unintelligible] in beds, in beds!

64 (VZh) Yes.

65 (a) [2:39] We make “hearths” (holes in the soil) and sow them in beds in the garden.

66 (a) [2:44] Then we pull them up and transplant them. We carry them in boxes –

67 (a) [2:50] carry them off in boxes and transplant them using awls, special awls

68 (a) [2:55] [on] all [of them], we hoe them – we hoe them two times

69 (a) [2:59] and then gather them in – the first group, the second, the third and the fourth.

70 (b) [3:04] And then you mow [the field].

71 (a) [3:05] Then we mow it, and then you get offshoots.