plow construction

Leštak 3

229 (GK) a segà tàm dèto sa zakòpčeni vòluvete tovà kàk mu kàzvaxte

Now, this thing where the oxen are attached, how did you call that?

231 (GK) umòt’

A yoke?

232 (e) umòt’ be

Hah, a yoke!

235 (GK) təkà li mu kàzvaxte

Is that how you used to call it?

236 (e) zəbràil gu səm màmə mu stàrə èj umòt’ umòt’ i oràlu

I’ve forgotten it, devil take it! Yes, the yoke. The yoke and the plow

242 (GK) tuvà tùj mi e ràbota znàči oddòlu dobrè koè se kàzva

Well, that’s my work. So, O.K., that’s below. Which part do you call

243 (GK) xumòt gòrnoto dərvò ili dòlnoto

the yoke – the upper piece of wood or the lower one?

244 (e) dèt’u nə vulòvete

What’s on the oxen.

245 (GK) ìma tò nalì e od dvè dərvèta

That’s it. And [it’s made from] two [pieces of] wood, right?

246 (e) nè ud ədnò

No, [just] from one.

247 (GK) ud ednò dərvò ednò odgòre dərvò tɤ̀j li

From one [piece of] wood. One [piece of] wood on top, is that it?

248 (e) ednò odgòre ednò odgòre dərvò ə lɛ̀gə nə vrətʌ̀

One on top. One [piece of] wood on top, and it lies on the neck

249 (e) nə edìnijə vòl i nə drùgijə e təkà ednò dərvò lèku

of both one ox and the other, like this – one light [piece of wood]

250 (e) nə vrətʌ̀ i tùkə ìmə prubìtu dùpki spùsnəti ž’eglì

on [their] necks. And there’s holes bored here, and large pins dropped [into them].

252 (e) ž’eglìte ə slàz’ət təkʌ̀ ə tùk ədnò i tùkə drùgu

The pins come down like this. Here’s one, and here’s the other.

253 (e) tɛ̀sni i tùkə sə vʌ̀rzvə səs vrəfč’ìčkə vrɤ̀fkə

[They fit] tight. And here’s [where] you bind it up here with a tie, a rope.

254 (GK) è gu s’à kɤ̀k e tùkə ìmə tovà ednòto kɤ̀k se kàzva

O.K. now, here we’ve got it. There’s this thing here, how do you call it?

255 (e) tuvà e humòte

That’s the yoke.

257 (e) ə tvà nədòlu d’ètu spùsnətu sə kàzvə ž’eglì

And this that’s hanging down below, that’s called the pins.

258 (GK) tovà ednàta

This here, one of them?

259 (e) ədnàtə i tùkə ìmə ədnà

[That’s] one, and here there is one

264 (GK) tɤ̀j i pòsle oddòlu kàk se svɤ̀rzvət

O.K. And then, how is it tied down below?

265 (e) səs ə vrɤ̀fkə

With a cord.

266 (GK) səs vrəfčìčkə

With a small cord.

267 (e) à ədìn səž’ìm

Yes, [with] a “sazhim” (rope).

269 (e) pò debèl də nè go skʌ̀cə sə stɛ̀gə

Thicker, so it won’t break. You fasten it

270 (e) i ne mòe se ismùš’i̥

and [then] it (the ox’s head) won’t slide out.

271 (GK) sidžìm e tovà takà li

That’s a “sidzhim” (rope), right?

272 (e) dà

Yes.

273 (GK) i ottùka pàk takà drùgija

And then another one here?

274 (e) pàk sɤ̀štu̥tu̥ pà sɤ̀štu̥tu̥

Another of the same, and then [another of] the same.

276 (e) dà i nətàtək vɤ̀rzənu tugàvə uràlutu zə

Yes. And behind, it’s tied like this to the plow for –

277 (GK) uràloto kədè se svɤ̀rzva səs səs humòt’a

Where is the plow tied to the – the yoke?

278 (e) tùkə ìmə ud želèzu nəpràveno ednò səz gulèmə həlkɤ̀

Here, there’s a thing made of iron. One, with a big ring.

279 (e) i uràlutu se bùtne f əlkʌ̀tə i tùkə sə tùrə ədìn š’ìp

and you push the plow into the ring, and then you put a little pin here.

280 (GK) znàči tùka ìma əlkà tùka oddòl’e

Here’s [where] the ring is, here down below.

281 (e) dà dètu uràlutu flàzə

Yes, where the plow comes in.

282 (GK) əhə tɤ̀j segà tuvà dèto flàz’a i otprède kvò se

Uh huh. O.K. Now, this [thing] that comes in front, what do –

283 (GK) kvò se takòva da ne sè izmɤ̀kva

what do you use so that it doesn’t fall out?

284 (e) səs ə č’uvìjə dɤ̀rvenə

A wooden peg.

286 (GK) takà tùka e əlkàta

So – this is the ring here.

288 (GK) uttùkə flàz’a f uràloto čuvìjata kədè e tùka li

And here’s where it comes into the plow. And where’s the peg? Here?

289 (e) dà utprède də ne mòe se izmùš’i à təkà

Yes, in front. So it won’t slide out. Right, like that.

290 (GK) tɤ̀j tovà e čuvìja

Right. So this is the peg

292 (GK) takà tùka segà kvò prodəlžàva na oràlutu tovà dèto takòva

O.K., here. Now, what comes next on the plow? This thing that –

293 (GK) dèto vlìza vəf ču vəf həlkɤ̀ta

that connects to the pe- , [or fits] into the ring?

294 (e) əmi dərvò je

Well, it’s wooden!

295 (GK) a kàk se kàzva tò ìdva kàk

And how do you call it? It goes – how [does it] –

296 (e) ràlo ràlo

The plow! [It’s the] plow.

297 (GK) tovà takà ìdva

This [thing] goes like this –

299 (GK) i pòsle takà li e

and then, [does it go] like this?

301 (GK) tovà si e svɤ̀rzano c’àloto nalì

The whole thing is connected, right?

302 (e) dà

Yes.

303 (GK) a pòsle tùka kədè go dəržì tòo dèto orè

And then here – where does he hold on to it? The person who’s plowing?

304 (e) ìmə drʌ̀škə tùkə

There’s a handle here.

305 (GK) kəde otkədè pòčva

Where? Where does it begin?

306 (e) ɤ drʌ̀škətə č’ɛkəj segà də vìdim kàk bèše è təkà

Uh, the handle. Wait a minute, let me see how that was. Ah, like this –

308 (e) è tùkə

Here it [was].

310 (e) è təkà

There [you go].

312 (e) tùkə gu dərž’ì segà tòj i kumànduvə tuvà

So the one [plowing] holds it here, and directs this –

313 (e) ìmə ùš’i pək tùkə də rəstvàrə pr’əstɤ̀

there are moldboards right here, to open up the soil.

314 (GK) takà

Like this.

315 (e) à takà à takà dà

Like that. Ah, [just] right. Yes.

316 (GK) tovà sa znàči ùši

So these are the moldboards.

317 (e) e segà tùkə nə vʌ̀rhə ìmə želèzu

Now on the top here there’s [a piece of] iron.

319 (e) se kàzvə pàlešnik

[It’s] called a ploughshare.

320 (GK) tò e takà li e

That’s – like this?

321 (e) dà dòlu.gòre təkà e pò màlək

Yes, more or less like that. A bit smaller.

323 (e) dà nèmə značè’nie

Yes. That doesn’t matter.

324 (e) pàlešnik sə vìkə

It’s called a ploughshare.

330 (GK) tɤ̀j tovà sa ùši dobrè tìja ùši

OK, these are the moldboards. Fine. [But] these moldboards -

331 (GK) ne sɤ̀ li zgɤ̀vət kato kàraš

don’t they fold down when you drive?

332 (e) t’è sə tè sə debèli

They’re – they’re thick.

333 (GK) debèli ne sɤ̀ li potpr’àni tùkə səs nèšto təkà

Thick, [yes, but] aren’t they supported here with something? Like this?

334 (e) əmi rəspʌ̀nč’ici mòže də ìmə

Well, there could be [some sort of] little crossbars.

335 (GK) tɤ̀j s kàk se vìka raspɤ̀nka

Right. How do you call it, a crossbar?

336 (e) rəspɤ̀nkə

A cross bar.

337 (GK) raspɤ̀nčici

Little supports.

338 (e) də ne sʌ̀ spl’èskvət

So they don’t flatten out.

339 (GK) də ne sɤ̀ spl’èskvət tɤ̀j i ottùkə tovà nàči tovà

So they don’t flatten out. Right. And here this [thing] –

340 (GK) kàk se kàza èj tovà dərvò tùka

how did you call this [piece of] wood here?

341 (e) əmi cɛ̀lutu sə nərìčə uràlu bè

Well, the whole thing is called a plow!

342 (GK) c’àloto si e oràlo i tovà i tovà pàk

The whole thing is a plow – this, and this too.

344 (GK) sə vìka oràlo a tovà tùka dèto go dəržɤ̀t udzàde

It’s [all] called the plow. And this thing where they hold it from behind?

345 (e) əmi tuvà e drʌ̀škə

Well, that’s a handle.

349 (GK) drùgo ìma li dubrè tùka tovà tò ne sɤ̀ li

Well now, is there something else? Ah, here. This thing. Aren’t these –

351 (e) əmi tùkə e fkupànu səz gulɛ̀mə dùpkə i tvà ə

Well, there’s a big hole dug into it here, and this, uh –

352 (e) je nəbùtənu drʌ̀škətə

it’s pushed in there – the handle.

354 (e) ili pək cɛ̀lutu nèkugàš izràstvə təkà nə səmòtu dərvò si

Or sometimes the whole thing had just grown like that. The same piece of wood.

355 (GK) takà trì si takòvə

Ah, right. Three [pieces] like that.

357 (GK) trìte si sə si izràsli

And the three of them all grown together.

358 (e) nè trìte nè e tvà è tvà e ud’èlnu

No, not all three of them. This [here], this is separate.

360 (e) e tvà dʌ̀lgutu tùkə

And this long one [goes] here,

362 (e) udèlnu tùkə si e zəfànətu səs ə ə dùpkə nədòlu

separately. And it’s fastened here with – there’s a hole underneath –

363 (e) i səz dɤ̀rvenə č’uvìjə

with a wooden peg.

364 (GK) tùkə si znàči takà

So it’s like this –

366 (GK) i tùka si ìmə čuvìja dɤ̀rvena

And here there’s a wooden peg. Right?

367 (e) aa

Ah –

368 (GK) takà li

Right?

369 (e) dà

yes.

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