collective farm establishment

Bangejci 1

64 (a) stànə dèzes'è pudìr'e tikezes'è ə i tè kik sè

The state-owned farm came, and then the collective farm. [No,] the coll-

65 (a) tikizis’è nàj nəpr'èd gu nəpràviə pudìr'e dezes'è

they formed the collective farms first and then the state-owned farm.

66 (a) i tɤ̀j s'è ràbut'ehme tàm dòkəto sə pinsiunìrəm

And we worked there up until [when] I retired.

83 (a) pòsl'a stàna dəržàvnu d'èzis'è

And then everything became state-owned, the state-owned farm.

84 (a) i səs tràkturi pòčnəə də urɤ̀t əmə pàk òdim kət pus'èjət kərtòfi

and they began to plow with tractors. But still when we go to plant potatoes

85 (a) nìj òd'exm'e s'è də kupàim də žènim kət pus'èjəd žitàta i tɤ̀j

we’d go out to do all the digging, and to reap when they planted wheat, and so on.

86 (a) dud'ètu v'èki zəpr'èxme ne mòžem v'èki [laughter]

until we stopped. We can’t do it any more [laughter].

Brŭšljan 1

7 (a) sl'et tvà pres č'etìres i dev'ètə gudìnə brəzùvəne t'èkezes'ètu vl'àzəne vəf

After that, in ’49 [when] we formed the collective farm, and entered into

8 (a) t'èkezes'ètu i pòčnəhne də rəbòtim zədrùžnu tàm i vəf n'ègu rəbòtix

the collective farm, we began to work there collectively and I worked there

9 (a) kətu brigədìr pɤ̀rvite gudìni sl'et tvàskə i pretsedàtel' nə t'èkezes'ètu b'èx

as a supervisor the first years. After that I was the chair of the collective farm.

10 (a) vəf t'èkezes'ètu tugàvə [cough] pɤ̀rvite gudìni sr'ɛ̀štəne gul'ɛ̀mi trùdnusti

During the first years in the collective we encountered great difficulties,

11 (a) nəlì tugàvə beš'e nìsku plət'èn trùduvijə dèn

[as] at that time a working day was paid very poorly.

Dolna Sekirna 2

1 (VZh) tùka kogà praìa tovà tèkezesè imàlo li e da gònat òrata

When they set up the collective farm here, did it happen that they forced people

2 (VZh) koì ne štɤ̀d da da ulèznat a u tèkezesèto

who didn’t want to join the T.K.Z.S. (collective farm)?

3 (a) e pa ìmaše ne istòše da ulèznu [cough] u u tèkezesèto

Well, there were some that didn't want to join the collective farm

4 (a) kulàci gi kàžu i tìja ot čorbadžìete ednì se pisàše u tèkezesèto

They called them “kulaks”. Some of these rich folk signed on,

5 (a) ama ednì nèče da se pìšu

but others didn’t want to.

7 (a) i se kàžu kulàci

and [those] were called “kulaks”.

9 (a) aha kulàci gi kàžu ama òn i mòjɤt svèkɤr

Yes, they called them “kulaks”. But my father-in-law also

10 (a) se nejtè pìše vednɤ̀ga [laughter] dèda na milènu

didn’t want to sign on right off. Milen’s grandfather.

18 (a) a kato se nàpravi tekezèto i se pisàše

And when they set up the collective farm and [folk] signed on,

19 (a) tìja što sù se pisàli im se dàvaše bèl xlèp

they gave white bread to the ones who signed up.

43 (a) ə tikà e i dodək dokatò se obrazovà tèkezèto dodèka se napràvi

That’s right. So during the formation and establishment of the collective farm,

44 (a) dodèka što sè e trùt vidèlo što sè e mùka vidèlo

what labor was seen, what struggle was seen, during that time.

Gela 3

86 (c) i [unintelligible] kət stàna tèkezese i ràbuta nèma tugà

and [unintelligible] when the cooperative farms came in, and there was no work,

87 (c) decà učìlište nèma da učɔ̀t i tugàva nì sa dìgnəme f smòl'an

and no school for the children to go to, then we picked up, [off] to Smolyan.

Glavanovci 1

40 (a) pa žn’e pa žn’èmo pa žn’èmo àko smo bilì desed gòdin

So we reaped and reaped, we were ten years old

41 (a) kà stàde stopànstvoto dva trinàes li bèxme pedesè i sèdma li bèše

when the collective farms came, or maybe we were 12 or 13. Was it in ’57?

42 (a) dva trinàez gòdin pa žn’èmo onì ni se ràdvat dèka

[Yes,] twelve or thirteen years old. And we reaped, they were happy with us,

Huhla 3

3 (a) də b'àše v'èke əm b'àše màlku mɤ̀kə dè òt' nəl'ì ə zèhə ni

to call it. Well, it was a little hard, because they took away –

4 (a) ìməhne vòluve ìməhne mùle mùletə vejàčkə əm kəkò də kàžə

we had oxen, we had mules, a winnower; what can I say, [they took]

5 (a) sìčku zimidèlci hòrə nəlì p'èt vòlə vnèsəhne vɤ̀tre

everything. [We’re] agricultural folk, right? We deposited five oxen into [the cooperative]

6 (a) kràvə ìməjne jùni ìməjne dvà dv'à mùletə ìməjne utɤ̀rnətə

We had a cow, we had a heifer, we had two, two mules. In the morning –

7 (GK) telènce ìmaxte li

Did you have a calf?

8 (a) ə ìməhme tòj b'àše kət ə təkɤ̀u gu kàzvəhne mɤ̀šku

We did. It was this, we called it – it was a male,

9 (a) b'àše ə nə dv'à gudìnki jùni jùni

it was two years old. A bullock [yes, that’s what we called it], a bullock.

12 (a) dè də znàm duidòhə s kulàtə sičku nətvàrihə

What do I know? They came with a cart and loaded everything onto it,

13 (a) zəkàrəhə vòlvetu̥ i nìj kət

they drove off the oxen, and when we –

14 (GK) ama vìe ne ìskəxte

But you didn’t want [this to happen]?

15 (a) əm əmə òt' n'àmə də ìskəm kəd'èt wòrətə i nìe tàm

Well, why would I not want it? We [should go] where [other] people do.

20 (a) dòjde vɤ̀lčo slùšəj kò šə kàžə še dòjde kumunìzmə

[So] he came [and said] “Listen, Vulcho, to what I say. Communism is coming.

21 (a) šə zəkàrət òlvetu tì ìməš mnòg òluve i ìd'e ìd'ə inò mòmče̝

They’ll drive off your oxen. You’ve got a lot of oxen. A fellow is coming

22 (a) ìd'e ud vɤ̀lču.pòl də i prudəd'ène tòj vìkə à kòstə

[he’s] coming from Vulcho Pole, and we’ll sell them.” And he said, “Hah! Kosta –

23 (a) kəd'è še vərìte i jà tàm ko š ìdə də prudàvəne

wherever you go, I [go] too. Why should I go off to sell [them]?

24 (a) t'è sàmu mòjte n'àmə də z'ème utrinɤ̀tə dòjdəhə ə vàj vàj

They won’t take only mine.” In the morning they came – ah, ah!

25 (a) če i nì dòjdəhme kətu innì mumàri inò vr'àme gà sə gləv'àhne

like these matchmakers in the old days when we got engaged

26 (a) èj səkà èj səkà èm dàdəhme gà gà stàne təkà

and this and that, and we gave [it over]. And when it happens like that,

27 (a) è gà vl'èzət hòrətə i jà še fl'àzə nəlì e təkà

when [other] people join, then I’ll join [too], right?

28 (a) fl'àzəjne s'etnətə ùtrinə zimàhə sìčku sià tòjə čuv'àk

So we joined, and the next morning they took everything. Now this [my] man,

Iskrica 1

13 (a) nə kògə às krəj t’àh s’ènne se ubrəzùvə t’èkezesètu

to [talk] to. I was [the only one] near them. Then the collective farms were set up,

14 (a) trɤ̀gnəhme nə ràbutə səs tùkə p’èt šes kumšìjki səs t’àh hòd’ə

and we went to work there with five or six neighbors. I went with them.

Kralevo 1

2 (a) b’ė̀me ìkə nà svà f t’èkezes’è̝ fl’azəhme

We were – he said, in – we joined this cooperative farm,

3 (a) tuvà zə umr’è̝me glànnɨ

[and we thought] we were going to die of hunger.

Kruševo 3

112 (a) ednò vr’ème imàš’e pòveč’e sek t’èkeskite kəd b’èə

Back then there were more. Now the cooperative farm people came,

113 (a) t’e č’ùzdì

[and] they belonged to somebody else.

Leštak 2

20 (d) seà sə màlku nìvit’e či mestàtə sètne gà tèkezəto z’ʌ̀hə

[it’s] now [that] there’s not many fields. Later when the cooperative farms took

21 (d) mestàtə tèə mestà sə usəkàtihə

these areas, they rendered these areas crippled.

22 (VZh) dobìtəkə zèxa li go

Did they take the livestock?

23 (a) ìmə t’è z’ʌ̀hə i dubìtə̥kə̥

Well [yes], they took the livestock too.

24 (VZh) kakɤ̀v dubìtək ìmahte òfci

What sort of livestock did you have? Sheep?

25 (d) če i òfci zìməhə i mùletə zìməhə i vòluve zìməhə i

They took sheep, they took mules, they took oxen, and –

Malevo/Hsk 1

94 (a) nɤ̀l’ɨ kət stànə t’èk’ees’è nàšte nɨ̀v gi zemàhə

Well, when the cooperative farms came in they took our fields.

95 (a) i nàšte hòrə nəprɨ̀mer nìe ìmahm’e [cough] bəjà nɨ̀: pək n’àməme rəbòtnə rəkà

Our people, for example, we had [cough] lots of fields, but not enough hands to work [them].

96 (a) i sɨ̀čku utìde fəf t’èk’ees’è i kòj də gi rəbòt’

so it all went off to the cooperative farm. And who would work them?

97 (a) pumàcte dòjdəhə i nə gutòvutu i nìj vn’èsəhme sɨ̀čku

The Pomaks came and just took over. So we put everything –

98 (a) i kulà i vulòve i i kərùcə i kòt ìməhme ihventàr

our cart, our oxen, our carriage, and everything we had –

99 (a) sɨ̀čku gu fn’èsəhme f t’èk’ees’è i pumàcte dòjdəhə i

we put it all into the cooperative farm. And the Pomaks came and

168 (a) i sl’ət tvà pək t’èkees’èt dòjde zimàhə nɨ̀vɨte [laughter]

But then the cooperative farm came and took the fields [laughter]

169 (a) i kòjtu ìskə də ìde də rəbòti̥ kòt ìskə də prài təkà

And whoever wanted to go to work there, to do [it that way] – they did.

Mogilica 3

14 (a) i zem'ɔ̀tə se zəràsne stànə tèkezesè i sìčku tè

the land is overgrown: the cooperative farm came, and everything –

15 (a) tè bəlkàn stànə zem'ɔ̀tə

all the [fields] – the land became wooded Balkan [landscape].

48 (a) seà utkàktu e zə f tèkezesè č'etìrise gudìni məhnɔ̀hə

Now, after the cooperative farm [came] forty years ago, they stopped.

80 (a) tugà vlɛ̀ze sìč'kutu f tèkezesè z'ɔ̀hə mi gu

Then everything went into the cooperative farm. They took it from me.

81 (a) ustànəhme nèj ku ràbutiš' š'e ti dədɔ̀t grədìnə ku nè

We were left like this. If you work [for them] they'll give you a garden and if not

82 (a) nè nèməš'e nì lìč'nu pòlzvəne tugàvə nìš'tu

[then] not. There was no private use [of property] then, nothing.

Stančov Han 3

7 (c) nəpràiə dizis’è nəpràiə blòkuvi

[but then] they built the state farms, amalgamated the land,

8 (c) kàrəə pràiə lɤ̀gɤɤ kràdiə nàj pudìr’e fəlìrə sìčkutu

drove [everything off], did [all that], told lies, stole – and finally it all went bankrupt.

Vladimirovo 1

53 (a) tovà pò ə ə golèmite ə ro dèkare zemjà

[to put together] those big chunks of land (= collective farms).

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collective farm establishment