Brŭšljan 1

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1 (VZh) [What did you do as a shepherd?]

[...]

2 (a) [0:03] I worked as a shepherd. I used to graze the sheep, and we raised nice lambs.

disc

shepherd sg m

work 1sg aor I

pasture 1sg impf I

sheep pl f def

and

produce 1pl impf I

nice pl adj

lamb pl n

3 (a) [0:07] We cared for the animals well, and gave the "products" to the firm, to the ah-

look 1pl impf I

nicely adv

animal pl n def

and

give 1pl impf I

production sg n

firm sg n def

disc

4 (a) [0:14] agrarian complex, the collective farm, in principle. Even as a private [owner]

A.P.K. sg n def

T.K.Z.S. sg n def

basically adv

but

and

private.owner sg m

disc

5 (a) [0:18] I was a shepherd also. After that – when I got married I became a farmer.

rather adv

dat refl clt

1sg impf cop

shepherd sg m

after

this sg n med adj

when conj

acc refl clt

marry 1sg aor P

become 1sg aor P

land.tiller sg m

6 (a) [0:26] That is, I began to work in agriculture; we worked [at that] a certain time.

mean 3sg pres I

agriculture sg n

begin 1sg aor P

comp

work 1sg pres I

and

work 1pl aor I

one sg n adj

specific sg n adj

time sg n

7 (a) [0:32] After that, in ’49 [when] we formed the collective farm, and entered into

after

this sg n med adj

during

forty

and

ninth sg f adj

year sg f

form 1pl aor I

T.K.Z.S. sg n def

enter 1pl aor P

8 (a) [0:36] the collective farm, we began to work there collectively and I worked there

T.K.Z.S. sg n def

and

begin 1pl aor P

comp

work 1pl pres I

as.collective adv

there adv

and

acc n 3sg

work 1sg aor I

9 (a) [0:47] as a supervisor the first years. After that I was the chair of the collective farm.

supervisor sg m

first pl def adj

year pl f

after

this sg n med adj

and

chairman sg m

T.K.Z.S. sg n def

1sg impf cop

10 (a) [0:54] During the first years in the collective we encountered great difficulties,

T.K.Z.S. sg n def

then adv

first pl def adj

year pl f

meet 1pl impf I

big pl adj

difficulty pl f

11 (a) [1:00] [as] at that time a working day was paid very poorly.

interr

then adv

3sg impf cop

poorly adv

pay sg m P.part P

work sg m def adj

day sg m

12 (VZh) [Tell me about sheepherding and such things.]

[...]

13 (a) [1:04] Generally we – you start out with sheep in the morning: we’ll get up,

basically adv

nom 1pl

sheep pl f def

when conj

acc 3pl clt

begin 2sg pres P

morning adv

fut

arise 1pl pres P

14 (a) [1:08] We’ll – we’ll feed them, we’ll feed them,

fut

acc 3pl clt

fut

acc 3pl clt

feed 1pl pres P

fut

acc 3pl clt

[...]

fut

acc 3pl clt

feed 1pl pres P

15 (a) [1:12] we’ll take the lambs off separately, we’ll give food to the mothers,

fut

separate 1pl pres P

lamb pl n def

separately adv

fut

give 1pl pres P

mother pl f def

comp

eat 3pl pres I

16 (a) [1:15] a little at the beginning, and then we gave [food] to the lambs.

little adv

beginning sg n

after

this sg n med adj

lamb pl n def

again adv

give 1pl impf I

17 (a) [1:20] And [then] we let them out to graze. Here the animals were mostly kept

and

acc 3pl clt

release 1pl impf I

pasture sg f

mostly adv

here adv

acc refl clt

acc refl clt

keep 3pl pres I

keep 3pl impf I

animal pl n def

18 (a) [1:27] out in the pasture. There were three of us workers. One stayed with the lambs,

pasture sg f

and

1pl impf cop

three an.num

people pl

worker pl m

one sg m def adj

remain 3sg impf I

lamb pl n def

19 (a) [1:32] another drove one herd of sheep – we separated the sheep into two herds –

other sg m def adj

remain 3sg impf I

collect 3sg impf I

one sg f def adj

herd sg f

sheep pl f

two f

herd pl f

acc 3pl clt

separate 1pl impf I

20 (a) [1:36] and the other, the other herd. One was cleaning out the sheep pen there

other sg m def adj

other sg f def adj

herd sg f

one sg n adj

clean 3sg impf I

pen sg f def

there adv

21 (a) [1:41] feeding the lambs. At noon he'd take them to [where] we milk [the sheep].

feed 3sg impf I

lamb pl n def

at.noon adv

3sg fut.pst

comp

acc 3pl clt

take 3sg pres P

comp

acc 3pl clt

and

milk 1pl pres I

22 (a) [1:46] We milked them, and took the milk on donkeys to the village, to the collection point

milk 1pl impf I

acc 3pl clt

transport 1pl impf I

milk sg n def

with

donkey pl n

village sg n

point sg m def

23 (a) [1:52] that was [located] in the village. And so went the whole season

where rel

3sg impf cop

village sg n def

and

thus med adv

go.on 3sg impf I

[...]

entire sg m def adj

season sg m

24 (a) [1:59] of work in animal husbandry.

work sg f

animal.husbandry sg n

животновъдство

25 (VZh) [What other animals did you care for?]

[...]

26 (a) [2:04] I didn’t look after any other animals in herds like that.

disc

other pl adj

animal pl n

thus med adv

herd pl f

neg

1sg pres aux clt

look sg m L.part I

27 (b) [2:07] Cows.

kràvi

cow pl f

крава

28 (a) [2:07] I tend cows. We cowherds – there was a separate [group] of cowherds

cow pl f def

look 1sg pres I

nom 1pl

cowherd pl m def

dat refl clt

impf exist

separately adv

cowherd pl m

29 (a) [2:11] who were busy at the cow farm – and they, you know,

who pl rel adj

acc refl clt

occupy 3pl impf I

with

cow.farm sg f def

and

nom 3pl

there adv

interr

30 (a) [2:17] took the calves from [their mothers] and fed them. One – that is one –

separate 3pl impf I

calf pl n def

feed 3pl impf I

acc 3pl clt

disc

one sg m def adj

one sg m def adj

comp

say 3sg pres P

31 (a) [2:24] went with the cows, and the other stayed with the calves [and] fed them.

go 3sg impf I

with

cow pl f def

and

other sg m def adj

remain 3sg impf I

calf pl n def

feed 3pl impf I

acc 3pl clt

32 (VZh) [What sorts of occupations were there in the village?]

[ ... ]

33 (a) [2:29] Well, the occupations in the villages are these: either in animal husbandry

disc

nom 3pl

craft pl m def

village sg n def

3pl pres cop clt

acc 3pl

either

animal.husbandry sg n def

животновъдство

34 (a) [2:33] – you’re a shepherd – or you’re in field labor, a land worker

fut

2sg pres cop clt

shepherd sg m

either

fut

2sg pres cop clt

agronomy sg n def

land.worker sg m

35 (a) [2:37] as we say in our [speech]. For example they plow, they reap,

rel

dat n 3sg clt

call 1pl pres I

nom 1pl

by.our.way adv

plow 3pl pres I

comp

say 1pl pres P

reap 3pl pres I

36 (a) [2:41] they transport sheaves, they thresh them at the threshing machine,

drive 3pl pres I

sheaf pl m def

thresher sg f def

acc m 3sg clt

thresh 3sg impf I

and

37 (a) [2:45] and that’s how work progressed in field agriculture.

disc

thus med adv

go.on 3sg impf I

work sg f def

agronomy sg n

38 (VZh) [Were there water buffaloes?]

[ ... ]

39 (a) [2:49] There were very few. In principle there were many water buffaloes,

impf exist

completely adv

little adv

generally adv

impf exist

water.buffalo pl m

many adv

40 (a) [2:53] Before the collective farm was formed, when we were private [landowners],

before

comp

acc refl clt

form 3sg pres I

T.K.Z.S. sg n def

while conj

1pl impf cop

private pl adj

41 (a) [2:56] there were water buffaloes, horses, cows, there were these –

water.buffalo pl m

impf exist

horse pl m

impf exist

cow pl f

impf exist

such pl med adj

42 (a) [2:59] at that time there were many water buffaloes. There were cows –

then adv

impf exist

water.buffalo pl m

many adv

cow pl f

impf exist

43 (b) [3:04] There were horses.

horse pl m

impf exist

44 (a) [3:05] There were horses, there were pigs in small herds, these small herds –

horse pl m

impf exist

pig pl f

impf exist

moreover adv

thus med adv

small.herd pl f

small.herd pl f

rel

impf exist

45 (a) [3:11] private herds as we call them, there were livestock.

private pl adj

small.herd pl f

impf exist

dat n 3sg clt

call 1pl pres I

nom 1pl

impf exist

livestock sg m

46 (VZh) How did you call those?

how interr

dat 3pl clt

call 2pl impf I

nom 2pl

47 (a) [3:16] “Suriye” (herds)

surìje

herd pl f

сюрия

48 (VZh) Ah, for [a group of] many –

disc

for

many.of adv

thus sg n adj

49 (a) [3:18] When there are many, a group of animals, we call that pi-

for

many.of adv

group sg f def

animal pl n

dat n 3sg clt

call 1pl pres I

dat n 3sg clt

say 1pl pres I

[...]

50 (VZh) Pigs.

svìn'e

pig pl f

свиня

51 (a) [3:22] Pigs, yes. And there were a lot of animals. However after that

pig pl f

yes

and

impf exist

animal pl n

many adv

however adv

after

this sg n med adj

52 (a) [3:28] people fell into poverty, they disappeared, they died out, as they say,

and

people pl def

decay 3pl aor P

be.absent 3pl aor P

die.out 3pl aor P

rel

pres exist

one f adj

word sg f

53 (a) [3:33] and the animals, they too –

and

and

animal pl n def

and

nom 3pl

dat refl clt

54 (VZh) [And did people play musical instruments?]

[ ... ]

55 (a) [3:34] Well, we did play [instruments], these small pipes and end-blown flutes.

excl

dat 1sg clt

thus adv

with

whistle pl f

and

with

flute pl m

play 1pl impf I

56 (a) [3:38] That is, the shepherds played [them]. But that’s not some kind of,

play 3pl impf I

comp

say 1pl pres P

shepherd pl m def

but

this sg n med adj

3sg pres cop clt

neg

3sg pres cop clt

some sg f adj

57 (a) [3:42] like you might say, performing in some kind of orchestra, but [rather]

thus med adv

comp

acc refl clt

say 3sg pres P

how rel

some.kind sg m adj

orchestra sg m

comp

perform 3pl pres P

but

58 (a) [3:47] [a shepherd] walks along, chirps after his sheep to amuse himself.

thus med adv

walk 3sg pres I

and

dat refl clt

chirp 3sg pres I

after

sheep pl f def

comp

acc refl clt

amuse 3sg pres I

59 (a) [3:50] We were all such musicians, with small pipes and end-blown flutes.

such pl med adj

[...]

musician pl m

1pl pres aux clt

pl L.part cop

nom 1pl

with

whistle pl f

flute pl m

60 (a) [3:54] Some had bagpipes, and played them; bagpipe players [were] in the interior,

and

bagpipe pl f

impf exist

some pl adj

and

play.music 3pl impf I

interior sg f def

bagpiper pl m

61 (a) [3:59] because when I went to Granichar, there were boys there

because conj

nom 1sg

and

towards

Granichar

go 1sg aor I

there adv

there adv

impf exist

boy pl n

62 (a) [4:02] playing bagpipes. No, not the [simple] bagpipe but the bagpipe with –

who pl rel adj

play 3pl impf I

bagpipe pl f

neg

3sg pres cop clt

bagpipe sg f

bagpipe sg f

with

63 (b) [4:05] End-blown flutes, end-blown flutes. A bagpipe is one thing, an end-blown flute –

flute pl m

and

flute pl m

and

[...]

bagpipe sg f def

apart adv

and

flute sg m def

64 (a) [4:08] Yes indeed. A bagpipe is one thing and an end-blown flute is another.

disc

yes

disc

bagpipe sg f def

apart adv

and

flute sg m def

apart adv

65 (VZh) [How do you make sheepfolds?]

[ ... ]

66 (a) [4:11] We make the [sheepfo]lds from wood. Sticks pounded [into the ground] and after the sti–

[...] sg f def

acc f 3sg clt

make 1pl pres I

from

wood pl n def

pound pl P.part P

stick pl m

and

after

[...]

67 (a) [4:17] it’s covered with rye straw, and inside we make dividers so we can –

this sg n med adj

cover sg f P.part P

with

rye.straw sg f

and

inside adv

make pl L.part I

divider pl f

for

comp

can 1pl pres I

comp

68 (a) [4:23] to separate the sheep out. The ones who’ve had lambs in one place,

comp

3pl pres cop clt

distribute pl P.part P

sheep pl f def

[...]

separately adv

which pl rel adj

3pl pres cop clt

bear.lamb pl def P.part P

оагня

bəškɤ̀

apart adv

башка

69 (a) [4:29] the ones who haven’t, in another; and yet another for feeding the lambs.

and

neuàgnenite

not.bear.lamb pl def P.part P

apart adv

and

for

feed def vbl.n I

lamb pl n def

and

apart adv

70 (VZh) [And what do you make the sheepfolds out of?]

[ ... ]

71 (a) [4:34] [We ma]ke [it] from lumber. It’s made from lumber, with –

[...]

from

wooden sg m adj

material sg m

wooden sg m adj

material sg m

acc refl clt

make 3sg pres I

with

72 (b) [4:37] Poles.

prɤ̀k':e

stick pl m

прът

73 (a) [4:38] – poles.

prɤ̀k':e

stick pl m

прът

74 (VZh) Uh huh.

əxə

yes

75 (a) [4:40] Sheepfolds were made back then – they'd choose according to the old custom.

this pl med adj

sheepfold pl f

acc refl clt

make 3pl impf I

then adv

acc refl clt

choose 3pl impf I

in.old.way adv

76 (a) [4:43] Especially back then, they would choose them to be in places

one sg n adj

time sg n

especially adv

then adv

acc 3pl clt

choose 3pl impf I

such pl med adj

place pl n

77 (a) [4:47] that were warm, that were such, that faced – as a shelter

which pl rel adj

3pl pres cop clt

warm pl adj

which pl rel adj

3pl pres cop clt

thus adv

come 3pl pres I

for

shelter sg m

78 (a) [4:51] from the wind, such that the wind wouldn’t get in. They built them

from

wind pl m def

comp

neg

acc 3pl clt

catch 3pl pres I

wind pl m def

and

sheepfold pl f def

acc refl clt

make 3pl impf I

79 (a) [4:56] in a primitive manner. They were primitive, not like now, so to speak,

primitive pl adj

again adv

primitive pl adj

3pl pres cop clt

neg

3pl pres cop clt

now adv

comp

say 1pl pres P

80 (a) [4:59] as they make them, but primitive. There’ll be in one sheepfold, let’s say,

rel

acc 3pl clt

make 3pl pres I

this sg n adj

primitive pl adj

3pl pres cop clt

one f adj

sheepfold sg f

fut

pres exist

comp

say 1pl pres P

81 (a) [5:04] [space] to get in forty or fifty of today’s sheep. But back then you got in

for

comp

drive.in 2sg pres P

forty

fifty

sheep pl f

today's pl adj

hes

rather adv

then adv

get.in 3sg impf I

82 (a) [5:11] – forty or fifty goats went in, while the sheep lay down outside

forty

fifty

goat pl f

enter 3pl impf I

hes

sheep pl f def

dat refl clt

lie 3pl impf I

outside adv

83 (a) [5:14] in – in the snow, in the rain – “au naturel”.

snow sg m def

rain sg m def

nature sg f def

84 (VZh) [What do you call it when it rains and snows both?]

[...]

85 (a) [5:17] So when it snows or rains we call that sleet.

therefore adv

snow sg m

and

rain m

when rel

precipitate 3sg pres I

dat n 3sg clt

call 1pl pres I

sleet sg f

nom 1pl

86 (a) [5:20] [When] it snows or rains, let’s say heavy precipitation,

snow sg m

and

rain m

precipitate 3sg pres I

comp

say 1pl pres P

strong pl adj

precipitation pl m

87 (a) [5:24] cold weather like that, we call that sleet because it “sleets”.

such sg n med adj

cold sg n adj

weather sg n def

and

dat n 3sg clt

call 1pl pres I

sleet sg f

because

sleet 3sg pres I

88 (VZh) [Did you take the sheep out when it snowed?]

[...]

89 (a) [5:27] If there’s not much snow we kept walking, and made the sheep

if conj

3sg pres cop clt

little sg m adj

snow sg m def

go 1pl impf I

go 1pl impf I

and

acc 3pl clt

drive 1pl impf I

sheep pl f def

comp

90 (a) [5:31] root [for food], because otherwise – there wasn’t any grain

comp

root 3pl pres I

because conj

otherwise adv

impf neg exist

acc n 3sg clt

this sg n med adj

grain sg n

91 (a) [5:34] like they make now for animals – fodder modder and various such things –

now adv

prepare 3pl pres P

for

animal pl n def

fodder pl m

“modder” pl m

there adv

various pl adj

thing pl f

92 (a) [5:37] back then animals had to subsist on very little. We make piles of leaves

disc

then adv

3pl pres cop clt

maintenance sg f

animal pl n def

completely adv

little adv

make 1pl pres I

one pl adj

leafage pl m

93 (a) [5:42] they would make leaf-fodder for some of them, but in very small quantities.

leafage sg m adj

fodder sg m

for

some pl adj

make 3pl impf I

and

nom sg n

small sg n adj

quantity sg n

94 (a) [5:46] Mostly they went hungry, out in “nature”. And we fed them young shoots –

mostly adv

3sg impf cop

hunger sg m

and

mostly adv

nature sg f def

and

feed.shoots 1pl impf I

бръстя

95 (a) [5:50] In the old days they fed them shoots. At that time

one sg n adj

time sg n

3pl pres aux clt

acc 3pl clt

feed.shoots pl L.part I

and

many adv

this sg n med adj

time sg n

96 (a) [5:52] the forests weren– [cough] weren’t so heavily, [let’s say], regulated.

forest pl f def

neg

neg

3pl pres aux clt

pl L.part cop

so.much med adv

under

control sg m

97 (a) [5:57] And when snow comes, well – they begin – a whole swath [of trees]

when conj

catch 3sg pres P

snow sg m

ost

begin 3pl pres I

entire sg f adj

track sg f

here adv

98 (a) [6:02] begins to be cut down, and they would feed the sheep the offshoots

fut

acc refl clt

begin 3sg pres P

cut 3pl pres I

and

sheep pl f def

acc 3pl clt

feed.shoots 3pl impf I

with

offshoot sg m

99 (a) [6:07] from the forest, like now, you might say.

from

forest sg f def

now adv

comp

say 1pl pres P

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VZh

a

b

Brŭšljan 1

1 (VZh) [What did you do as a shepherd?]

2 (a) [0:03] I worked as a shepherd. I used to graze the sheep, and we raised nice lambs.

3 (a) [0:07] We cared for the animals well, and gave the "products" to the firm, to the ah-

4 (a) [0:14] agrarian complex, the collective farm, in principle. Even as a private [owner]

5 (a) [0:18] I was a shepherd also. After that – when I got married I became a farmer.

6 (a) [0:26] That is, I began to work in agriculture; we worked [at that] a certain time.

7 (a) [0:32] After that, in ’49 [when] we formed the collective farm, and entered into

8 (a) [0:36] the collective farm, we began to work there collectively and I worked there

9 (a) [0:47] as a supervisor the first years. After that I was the chair of the collective farm.

10 (a) [0:54] During the first years in the collective we encountered great difficulties,

11 (a) [1:00] [as] at that time a working day was paid very poorly.

12 (VZh) [Tell me about sheepherding and such things.]

13 (a) [1:04] Generally we – you start out with sheep in the morning: we’ll get up,

14 (a) [1:08] We’ll – we’ll feed them, we’ll feed them,

15 (a) [1:12] we’ll take the lambs off separately, we’ll give food to the mothers,

16 (a) [1:15] a little at the beginning, and then we gave [food] to the lambs.

17 (a) [1:20] And [then] we let them out to graze. Here the animals were mostly kept

18 (a) [1:27] out in the pasture. There were three of us workers. One stayed with the lambs,

19 (a) [1:32] another drove one herd of sheep – we separated the sheep into two herds –

20 (a) [1:36] and the other, the other herd. One was cleaning out the sheep pen there

21 (a) [1:41] feeding the lambs. At noon he'd take them to [where] we milk [the sheep].

22 (a) [1:46] We milked them, and took the milk on donkeys to the village, to the collection point

23 (a) [1:52] that was [located] in the village. And so went the whole season

24 (a) [1:59] of work in animal husbandry.

25 (VZh) [What other animals did you care for?]

26 (a) [2:04] I didn’t look after any other animals in herds like that.

27 (b) [2:07] Cows.

28 (a) [2:07] I tend cows. We cowherds – there was a separate [group] of cowherds

29 (a) [2:11] who were busy at the cow farm – and they, you know,

30 (a) [2:17] took the calves from [their mothers] and fed them. One – that is one –

31 (a) [2:24] went with the cows, and the other stayed with the calves [and] fed them.

32 (VZh) [What sorts of occupations were there in the village?]

33 (a) [2:29] Well, the occupations in the villages are these: either in animal husbandry

34 (a) [2:33] – you’re a shepherd – or you’re in field labor, a land worker

35 (a) [2:37] as we say in our [speech]. For example they plow, they reap,

36 (a) [2:41] they transport sheaves, they thresh them at the threshing machine,

37 (a) [2:45] and that’s how work progressed in field agriculture.

38 (VZh) [Were there water buffaloes?]

39 (a) [2:49] There were very few. In principle there were many water buffaloes,

40 (a) [2:53] Before the collective farm was formed, when we were private [landowners],

41 (a) [2:56] there were water buffaloes, horses, cows, there were these –

42 (a) [2:59] at that time there were many water buffaloes. There were cows –

43 (b) [3:04] There were horses.

44 (a) [3:05] There were horses, there were pigs in small herds, these small herds –

45 (a) [3:11] private herds as we call them, there were livestock.

46 (VZh) How did you call those?

47 (a) [3:16] “Suriye” (herds)

48 (VZh) Ah, for [a group of] many –

49 (a) [3:18] When there are many, a group of animals, we call that pi-

50 (VZh) Pigs.

51 (a) [3:22] Pigs, yes. And there were a lot of animals. However after that

52 (a) [3:28] people fell into poverty, they disappeared, they died out, as they say,

53 (a) [3:33] and the animals, they too –

54 (VZh) [And did people play musical instruments?]

55 (a) [3:34] Well, we did play [instruments], these small pipes and end-blown flutes.

56 (a) [3:38] That is, the shepherds played [them]. But that’s not some kind of,

57 (a) [3:42] like you might say, performing in some kind of orchestra, but [rather]

58 (a) [3:47] [a shepherd] walks along, chirps after his sheep to amuse himself.

59 (a) [3:50] We were all such musicians, with small pipes and end-blown flutes.

60 (a) [3:54] Some had bagpipes, and played them; bagpipe players [were] in the interior,

61 (a) [3:59] because when I went to Granichar, there were boys there

62 (a) [4:02] playing bagpipes. No, not the [simple] bagpipe but the bagpipe with –

63 (b) [4:05] End-blown flutes, end-blown flutes. A bagpipe is one thing, an end-blown flute –

64 (a) [4:08] Yes indeed. A bagpipe is one thing and an end-blown flute is another.

65 (VZh) [How do you make sheepfolds?]

66 (a) [4:11] We make the [sheepfo]lds from wood. Sticks pounded [into the ground] and after the sti–

67 (a) [4:17] it’s covered with rye straw, and inside we make dividers so we can –

68 (a) [4:23] to separate the sheep out. The ones who’ve had lambs in one place,

69 (a) [4:29] the ones who haven’t, in another; and yet another for feeding the lambs.

70 (VZh) [And what do you make the sheepfolds out of?]

71 (a) [4:34] [We ma]ke [it] from lumber. It’s made from lumber, with –

72 (b) [4:37] Poles.