Vladimir Zhobov
Babjak 2
1 (VZh) [Do you still thresh this way now?]
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2 (b) [0:01] [Yes,] we use the threshing field now [too]. Now
| nom 1pl | now adv | dat refl clt | acc m 3sg clt | use 1pl pres I | threshing.field sg m def | disc | now adv |
3 (b) [0:03] when we go to the threshing field, we use it [the same way] now.
| to | threshing.field sg m | how interr | acc refl clt | go 3sg pres I | nom 1pl | and | now adv | dat refl clt | acc m 3sg clt | use 1pl pres I | this sg n adj |
4 (b) [0:04] And even now, when we reap what we've sown on [our] private land –
| and | now adv | dat refl clt | reap 1pl pres I | here adv | by | private sg m def adj | section sg m | dat refl clt | sow 1pl pres P |
5 (b) [0:07] barley, oats, and rye – we thresh it with horses. We spread the sheaves
| barley sg m | oats sg m | rye sg f | thresh 1pl pres I | acc m 3sg clt | with | horse pl m | thresh 1pl pres I | sheaf pl m def |
6 (b) [0:13] around on the ground, we rope up two horses – or three or four,
| around | earth sg f def | tie 1pl pres P | two m | horse ct m | or | three | or | four |
7 (b) [0:17] depending on how many sheaves we've spread out over the threshing floor.
| dependent adv | how.many interr | cruciform pl f | sheaf pl m | put 1pl pres P | to | to | threshing.field sg m def |
8 (b) [0:21] We gather together, women and men – three, four, five, six people,
| gather 1pl pres I | acc refl clt |
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and | woman pl f | and | man pl m | three | four | five | six | people pl |
9 (b) [0:24] and we thresh all day long. We finish the threshing, and we separate it,
| thresh 1pl pres I | entire sg m def adj | day sg m | thresh 1pl pres P | acc n 3sg clt | separate 1pl pres P |
10 (b) [0:27] the straw is on one side, and we gather the grain up into a single stack.
| straw sg f def | to.side adv | grain sg n def | acc n 3sg clt | gather 1pl pres P | in | one f sg adj | stack sg f |
11 (b) [0:30] After that, we winnow it with a shovel. You toss the grain up in the air,
| winnow 1pl pres I | acc n 3sg clt | after adv | with | shovel sg f | and | acc refl clt | winnow 3sg pres I | grain sg n def |
12 (b) [0:33] and the wheat falls to the si- in one area, because it's heavier. And the chaff
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to | one sg n adj | place sg n | fall 3sg pres I | grain sg n def | because | 3sg pres cop clt | heavy sg n adj | and | chaff sg f def |
13 (b) [0:36] flies away, [because] the wind is blowing from the side. And that's [how]
| run 3sg pres I | blow 3sg pres I | wind sg m def | to.side adv | and | thus adv | acc n 3sg clt | winnow 1pl pres P |
14 (b) [0:39] it's winnowed. We thresh it, and winnow it, and put it into sacks,
| thresh 1pl pres P | acc n 3sg clt | winnow 1pl pres P | put 1pl pres P | in | sack pl m def |
15 (b) [0:41] and then we grind it. In the old days we ate it as bread,
| after adv | grind 1pl pres I | at | time sg n def | acc n 3sg clt | eat 1pl impf | for | bread sg m |
16 (b) [0:44] but now we feed it to the livestock, as fodder.
| hes | now adv | acc n 3sg clt | give 1pl pres I | to | livestock sg f def | for | fodder sg f |
17 (VZh) [What do you make bread from?]
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18 (b) [0:47] [Now] we buy bread ready-made from the [large bakery] ovens. But earlier,
| bread sg m | from | oven sg f def | ready sg m adj | dat refl clt | buy 1pl pres I | more | early adv |
19 (b) [0:49] we used to grind this grain at the mill. We would grind [it], and the women would sift [it],
| this sg n adj | grain sg n def | grind 1pl impf I | at | mill pl f | grind 1pl impf I | and | sift 3pl impf I | woman pl f def |
20 (b) [0:52] they would make bread and we'd eat [it].
| knead 3pl impf I | bread sg m | and | eat 1pl pres I |
21 (VZh) [What did you use to thresh with?]
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22 (b) [0:57] When people here didn't have horses for threshing – [of course,]
| when rel | people pl def | here adv | instead | comp | pres exist | horse pl m | comp | acc refl clt | thresh 3sg pres I |
23 (b) [0:59] with horses, it's easier because horses run and break things up –
| with | horse pl m | because | horse pl m def | run 3pl pres I | and | acc n 3sg clt | break 3pl pres I | more | easy sg n adj | 3sg pres cop clt |
24 (b) [1:02] but when people do the threshing with cows or with oxen,
| and | when rel | acc refl clt | thresh 3pl pres I | people pl def | with | cow pl f | or | with | ox m pl |
25 (b) [1:06] they harness the oxen into a yoke, or if it's cows they harness them
| ox pl m def | acc refl clt | harness 3pl pres P | in | yoke sg m | or | rather adv | cow pl f def | acc 3pl clt | harness 3pl pres P |
26 (b) [1:09] into a yoke and in back there's this thing like – like – a harrow.
| in | yoke sg m | and | in.back adv | to | disc | make sg n P.part P | as | as | harrow sg f |
27 (b) [1:13] And underneath there are these planks nailed to it, boards, and below
| and | below | with | plank pl f | nail 3sg pres P | acc refl clt | plank pl f | board pl f | and | below |
28 (b) [1:16] on the boards you hammer on ox shoes. And then because the oxen
| to | board pl f def | acc refl clt | hammer 3pl pres P | oxen pl f adj | plate pl f | and | when conj | ox pl m def | because |
29 (b) [1:20] walk slowly, they break it up as much as they can.
| walk 3pl pres I | slowly adv | nom 3pl | acc n 3sg clt | how.much rel | can pres imprs | comp | acc n 3sg clt | break 3pl pres I | break 3pl pres I | acc n 3sg clt |
30 (b) [1:24] But [then] the harrow behind, with these horse ( = ox) shoes,
| however | harrow sg f def | from.back adv | with | this pl adj | horse pl f adj | plate pl f |
31 (b) [1:26] gets pulled along through the straw on the threshing field
| as conj | acc refl clt | drag 3sg pres I | through | straw sg f def | along | threshing.field sg m def |
32 (b) [1:27] as [the oxen] go round, and the [ox] shoes cut the straw up into tiny pieces,
| when conj | revolve 3pl pres I | and | plate pl f def | cut 3pl pres I | straw sg f def | more | to | small adv |
33 (b) [1:30] [so that it's] faster to do the threshing [that way].
| more | fast adv | comp | acc refl clt | thresh 3sg pres I |