Vladimir Zhobov
Pavelsko 2
1 (a) [0:01] “Chŭsto (thick)” milk (= yogurt).
| thick sg n adj | milk sg n |
2 (VZh) [0:02] So tell me how you make it.
| hort | comp | acc 1sg clt | tell 2sg pres P | how interr | acc n 3sg clt | make 2sg pres I |
3 (a) [0:04] Well, for yogurt [first] we’ll milk the cow, [then] we’ll boil the milk
| well | thick sg n def dist adj | milk sg n | fut | milk 1pl pres P | cow sg f def med | fut | boil 1pl pres P | milk sg n def med |
4 (a) [0:09] and when it cools a little, we’ll put it in a pot or something
| and | comp | cool 3sg pres P | little adv | and | fut | acc n 3sg clt | put 1pl pres P | in | one sg f adj | pot sg f | interr clt |
5 (a) [0:13] in the old days we used to put it in earthenware jugs –
| one sg n adj | time sg n | acc n 3sg clt | put 1pl impf I | in | jar pl n |
6 (a) [0:15] So we put it in [the pot] and we add starter start to it. That’s from
| and | acc n 3sg clt | put 1pl pres P | and | dat n 3sg clt | put 1pl pres P | starter sg m | dat n 3sg clt | put 1pl pres P | from | hes |
7 (a) [0:21] another [batch] of yogurt. So we put in a spoonful of starter, and it ferments.
| other sg n adj | thick sg n adj | milk sg n | dat n 3sg clt | put 1pl pres P | one sg f adj | spoon sg f | starter sg m | and | acc refl clt | ferment 3sg pres I |
8 (VZh) [0:26] [And that’s the kind of milk you call “chŭsto (thick)”?]
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9 (a) [0:26] "Chǔsto”, yes chŭsto. Ah, I said “gŭsto” [by mistake]! [laughter]
| thick sg n adj | disc | thick sg n adj | excl | acc n 3sg clt | say 1sg aor P | thick sg n adj |
10 (VZh) How do you shear sheep ?
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11 (a) [0:31] Well, we shear the sheep together, men and women.
| well | and | woman pl f | and | man pl m | shear 1pl pres P | sheep pl def med | hes |
12 (a) [0:32] They go off with the shepherds – the sheep [that is], and we’ll go up to the sheepfold,
| nom 3pl | go 3pl impf I | with | shepherd pl m | sheep pl f def dist | and | fut | go 1pl pres P | above adv | to | sheepfold sg f def med |
13 (a) [0:37] We’ve got one up [in the hills]. Up where it’s meadow-like there were sheepfolds
| have 1pl pres I | dat refl clt | above adv | hes | thus med adv | like | meadow pl f | exist impf | sheepfold pl f |
14 (a) [0:43] So we go [together], men and women, and shear [them]. One holds, the other shears
| go 1pl pres P | with | man pl m def med | woman pl f | and | shear 1pl pres I | one sg m def dist adj | hold 3sg pres I | other sg m def dist adj | shear 3sg pres I |
15 (b) [0:48] [unintelligible]
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16 (a) [0:49] Well [of course] we hobble the sheep!
| well | hobble 1pl pres I | acc 3pl clt | sheep pl f def med |
17 (b) [0:49] You’ll shear the stomach first, you know.
| and | adrs | first adv | fut | acc f 3sg clt | shear 3sg pres P | stomach sg m def |
18 (a) [0:52] We catch them – we catch them and shear the stomach. And then we grab them by
| catch 1pl pres I | dat 3pl clt | catch 1pl pres I | dat 3pl clt |
[...]
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hes | shear 1pl pres P | stomach sg m def med | and | after adv | dat 3pl clt | catch 1pl pres I |
19 (a) [0:58] all four legs and tie them up with a rope, and – and
| four def med adj | leg pl f | and | acc 3pl clt | tie 1pl pres I | with | one sg f adj | rope sg f | and | and |
20 (a) [1:03] begin the shearing. That’s what we call “hobbling” [them],
| begin 1pl pres I | comp | shear 1pl pres I | and | this sg n med adj | acc n 3sg clt | call 1pl pres I | hobble 1pl pres P |
21 (b) [1:07] Yes.
| yes |
22 (a) [1:07] the sheep.
| sheep pl f def med |
23 (VZh) [And what do you plant in the fields?]
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24 (a) [1:09] Well, now we plant potatoes. We plant corn, we plant beans.
| disc | now adv | sow 1pl pres I | potato sg n | sow 1pl pres I | corn sg m | sow 1pl pres I | beans sg m |
25 (a) [1:17] Hm, what else? [Ah] we plant onions, we plant pumpkins – we plant everything!
| hes | other sg n adj | onion sg m | sow 1pl pres I | pumpkin pl f | sow 1pl pres I | everything sg n adj | sow 1pl pres I |
26 (VZh) [And there’s also this thing that’s a little like beans –?]
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27 (b) [1:23] What [would that be]? It would have to be beans.
| which sg n interr | beans sg m | must pres I imprs | comp | 3sg pres cop clt |
28 (VZh) No –
| no |
29 (a) [1:25] Ah, peas!
| peas sg m |
30 (b) [1:25] Peas.
| peas sg m |
31 (a) [1:25] Isn’t it peas?
| peas sg m | comp | neg | 3sg pres cop clt |
32 (VZh) [1:27] You eat it during Lent.
| on | fast pl m def med | acc refl clt | eat 3sg pres I |
33 (b) [1:28] It could be beans, what else [is there]?
| can pres imprs | comp | 3sg pres cop clt | beans sg m | what sg n interr | other sg n adj |
34 (VZh) [1:30] Aren’t there lentils [around here]?
| lentils sg f | pres neg exist | interr clt |
35 (a) [1:31] Oh, lentils!
| excl | lentils sg f |
36 (b) [1:32] But that’s not in –
| but | neg | 3sg pres cop clt | in |
37 (a) [unintelligible]
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38 (b) [1:34] We plant that in the spring.
| spring sg f | acc f 3sg clt | sow 1pl pres I |
39 (a) [1:34] We plant lentils now in March and April. And when they’re ready,
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lentils sg f def med | acc f 3sg clt | sow 1pl pres I | now adv | in | March sg m | in | April sg m | and | when rel | become 3sg pres P |
40 (a) [1:39] we harvest them. We go harvest them, and pile them on cone-shaped structures.
| pull 1pl pres P | acc f 3sg clt | go 1pl pres I | and | acc f 3sg clt | pull 1pl pres P | and | acc f 3sg clt | put 1pl pres P | to | cradle pl m |
41 (a) [1:45] We put some here, we put some there, so it becomes what we call a pile.
| from.here adv | put 1pl pres I | and | from.there adv | put 1pl pres I | and | become 3sg pres P | to | pile sg f | acc m 3sg clt | call 1pl pres I |
42 (a) [1:49] And when it dries we thresh it. We thresh it with mules.
| and | when conj | dry 3sg pres P | also | nom 1pl | acc f 3sg clt | thresh 1pl pres I | thresh 1pl pres I | acc f 3sg clt | with | hes | mule pl n def dist |
43 (VZh) [So how do you call that plant?]
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44 (a) [1:56] Lentils.
| and | lentils sg f |
45 (VZh) Yes.
| yes |
46 (b) [1:58] [unintelligible]
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47 (a) [2:00] So these – lentils get planted in the spring, and are just harvested,
| disc | disc | lentils sg f def med | acc refl clt | sow 3sg pres I | spring sg n adj | time sg n | and | only adv | acc refl clt | pull 3sg pres I | and |
48 (a) [2:06] and then threshed afterwards. But beans – well, we hoe those.
| and | after adv | acc refl clt | thresh 3sg pres I | but | beans sg m def med | acc m 3sg clt | acc m 3sg clt | [...] | dig 1pl pres I |
49 (a) [2:11] We hoe them.
| hoe 1pl pres I | acc m 3sg clt |
50 (VZh) [Which one is easier to grow?]
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51 (a) [2:13] Well, beans are easier.
| disc | beans sg m def prox | 3sg pres cop clt | more | easily adv |
52 (a) [2:15] We plant it, go out and hoe it, and then harvest it in the autumn,
| sow 1pl pres I | acc m 3sg clt | go 1pl pres P | dig 1pl pres P | acc m 3sg clt | autumn sg n adj | time sg n | acc m 3sg clt | pull 1pl pres P |
53 (a) [2:18] and pound it. But lentils have to be threshed. Lentils are more difficult.
| pound 1pl pres P | acc m 3sg clt | but | lentils sg f def med | must pres I imprs | comp | acc f 3sg clt | thresh 1pl pres I | more | hard adv | 3sg pres cop clt | lentils sg f def med |
54 (b) [unintelligible]
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