Baskalci 2

Baskalci2.newer_.mp3

1 (GK) So how did you mark sheep? Did you mark them in a way to recognize them?

disc

how interr

acc 3pl clt

mark 2pl impf I

sheep pl f def

mark 2pl impf I

interr clt

acc 3pl clt

comp

acc 3pl clt

recognize 2pl pres I

2 (a) [0:03] Well, each one had a mark.

disc

each sg m adj

have 3sg impf I

mark sg m

3 (GK) What kind?

kakɤ̀f

what.kind sg m interr adj

какъв

4 (a) [0:07] A mark – they make a mark on the ears.

mark sg m

this sg n adj

ear pl n def

acc refl clt

make 3sg pres I

mark sg m

5 (GK) And how do they do that?

and

how interr

acc refl clt

make 3sg pres I

nom m 3sg

6 (a) [0:11] And this surely – Hey, you’re recording me!

and

this sg n adj

[...]

acc 1sg clt

[...]

excl

nom 2sg

7 (b) [0:13] He’s recording you; he’s recording you.

record 3sg pres I

acc 2sg clt

record 3sg pres I

acc 2sg clt

8 (a) [0:15] So?

à

disc

9 (b) [0:15] OK then, that’s better.

disc

nice adv

10 (a) [0:16] Well, sure –

disc

disc

11 (GK) [cough]

[cough]

[ … ]

12 (a) [0:19] [On] the ear, for instance

ear sg n def

3sg pres cop clt

for.example adv

this sg n adj

13 (GK) Yes?

à

disc

14 (a) [0:21] That means on the sheep’s ear. There are some [people], you know –

sheep sg f def

this sg n adj

represent 3sg pres I

ear sg n def

now adv

some pl adj

pres exist

mean 3sg pres I

15 (a) [0:26] I make a little slanted cut here, and we call that “izbrŭska” (slant-cut).

nom 1sg

from

here adv

thus adv

fut

cut.off 1sg pres P

slanted adv

small

and

acc refl clt

call 3sg pres I

this sg n adj

slant.cut sg f

16 (GK) Uh huh.

әhә

bkch

әhә

17 (a) [0:32] What’s your mark on the right ear? On the right ear it’s a slant-cut.

right sg n def adj

what.kind sg m adj

dat 2sg clt

3sg pres cop clt

adrs

mark sg m def

right sg n def adj

ear sg n

3sg pres cop clt

slant.cut sg f

18 (GK) Uh huh, right.

әhә

disc

tәkà

thus adv

така

19 (a) [0:38] But another will [make it] in front.

other sg n adj

other sg m def adj

again adv

after

in.front adv

pres exist

20 (GK) Right

tәkà

thus adv

така

21 (a) [0:43] [He’ll make] a notch in front. So when you fold the ear over,

in.front adv

notch sg f

and

thus adv

when conj

bend 3sg pres P

small.ear sg n def

interr

22 (a) [0:46] and then – it’s done with scissors, or with shears –

and

with

one pl adj

again adv

with

scissors pl.t

become 3sg pres I

this sg n adj

with

shears pl.t

23 (GK) Uh huh.

әhә

bkch

әhә

24 (a) [0:52] you slice of a little bet and you get a “swallowtail” cut here.

cut.off 2sg pres P

slanted adv

this sg n adj

acc refl clt

split 3sg pres I

slanted adv

little adv

25 (GK) Uh huh.

әhә

bkch

әhә

26 (a) [0:55] Very little, but [enough] so each one knows which mark is his.

little adv

but

each sg m adj

fut

know 3sg pres I

mark sg m def

what.kind sg m adj

dat n 3sg clt

3sg pres cop clt

mean 3sg pres I

27 (a) [0:58] So you’ve got a mark, a “rabushka” (notch) on the right ear. A notch in front.

right sg n def adj

ear sg n

dat 2sg clt

3sg pres cop clt

mark sg m def

notch sg f

in.front adv

notch sg f

28 (a) [1:02] And on the left ear you’ve got a mark, a notch in the back. It’s called “the back”

left sg n def adj

ear sg n

dat 2sg clt

3sg pres cop clt

mark sg m def

behind adv

notch sg f

interr

behind adv

acc refl clt

call 3sg pres I

29 (a) [1:07] when the ear is like this, on this side.

when conj

ear sg n def

when conj

3sg pres cop clt

thus adv

from

this sg f adj

side sg f

30 (GK) Uh huh.

əhə

bkch

аха

31 (a) [1:09] and [the notch] in the front part is called “the front”.

and

in.front adv

acc refl clt

call 3sg pres I

and

front sg f def adj

side sg f

32 (GK) The slant-cut.

izbrɤ̀ska

slant.cut sg f

избръска

33 (a) [1:13] Uh huh.

әhә

bkch

әhә

34 (GK) [So it’s called] a slant-cut when it’s in back –

slant.cut sg f

when inter.rel

3sg pres cop clt

behind adv

35 (a) [1:15] A slant-cut in the back, but you can also have a slant-cut in the front.

[...]

behind adv

slant.cut sg f

and

in.front adv

can 3sg pres I

slant.cut sg f

and

and

in.front adv

pres exist

and

slant.cut sg f

36 (a) [1:20] Because it should happen very, very rarely that in one village

because conj

nom 3pl

village sg n def

3pl pres cop clt

mean 3sg pres I

very adv

very adv

rarely adv

must pres I imprs

comp

acc refl clt

happen 3sg pres P

37 (a) [1:25] people should [all] use the same mark, that mine should be just like yours,

for

one sg m adj

mark sg m

comp

3pl pres cop clt

my sg m def

mark sg m

and

your sg m def adj

comp

да

acc refl clt

се

sravnàva

compare 3sg pres I

38 (a) [1:30] especially if we are neighbors. Because otherwise you wouldn’t recognize them.

especially adv

if conj

3pl pres cop clt

neighbor pl m

because conj

fut neg

comp

dat refl clt

acc 3pl clt

recognize 2pl pres I

39 (a) [1:33] Some would recognize them but others wouldn’t be able to.

some pl adj

acc 3pl clt

recognize 3pl pres I

many adv

but

some pl adj

but

neg

can 3sg pres I

acc 3pl clt

recognize 3pl pres I

40 (a) [1:36] If not for the mark they wouldn’t recognize them, and then they’d quarrel

if conj

neg

3sg pres cop clt

mark sg m def

neg

can 3sg pres I

acc 3pl clt

recognize 3pl pres I

fut

acc refl clt

take 3pl pres P

41 (b) [1:39] You’ll say it’s yours, I’ll say it’s mine,

nom 2sg

fut

acc n 3sg clt

call 2sg pres I

your sg n adj

nom 1sg

fut

acc n 3sg clt

call 1sg pres I

my sg n adj

42 (a) [1:41] and we might get into a fight!

and

must pres I imprs

comp

acc refl clt

beat 1pl pres I

43 (GK) [laughter]

[laughter]

[…]

44 (a) [1:44] [laughter] Yes, that’s right!

yes

thus adv

3sg pres cop clt

45 (GK) And other – were there other kinds of marks?

and

other pl adj

other sg m adj

other pl adj

exist impf

interr clt

other pl adj

mark pl m

46 (a) [1:48] No. Well [yes], there’s another mark when you gather at –

for

other sg m adj

mark sg m

pres exist

when inter.rel

acc refl clt

gather 3pl pres I

this sg n adj

47 (GK) At what?

nә

на

kuè

which sg n interr

48 (a) [1:52] At the dairy farm, up there where they do the milking,

dairy.farm sg f def

dairy.farm sg f def

here adv

ost

above adv

when inter.rel

acc refl clt

milk 3pl pres I

49 (a) [1:56] when they gather them there in the summer. They use pitch.

when inter.rel

acc 3pl clt

gather 3pl pres I

during

summer sg n def

3pl pres cop clt

comp

disc

pres exist

pitch sg m

50 (a) [2:02] In the old days there was pitch (I bet you know that too!)

exist impf

one sg n adj

time sg n

pitch sg m

know 2sg pres I

interr clt

when conj

2sg pres cop clt

51 (GK) Yes?

è

disc

52 (a) [2:05] And we mark them with pitch. You put it –

and

sɤs

with

katràn’u

pitch sg m def

acc 3pl clt

те

belèguvàme

mark 1pl pres I

katràn’u

pitch sg m def

and

acc m 3sg clt

той

tùriš

put 2sg pres P

туря

53 (a) [2:09] One would make a straight line on [the sheep’s] back, another

one sg m adj

fut

3sg pres cop clt

through

spine sg m def

straight sg f adj

line sg f

other sg m def adj

54 (a) [2:13] would [make it] on the side, and another – and each one will know

fut

3sg pres cop clt

from

side sg f def

other sg m def adj

and

this sg m adj

each sg m

know 3sg pres I

mean 3sg pres I

55 (a) [2:16] what kind of pitch [marking] he’ll have put on his sheep.

kakòf

what.kind sg m adj

какъв

katràn’

pitch sg m

fut

3sg pres aux clt

put sg m L.part P

sheep pl f def

56 (GK) Uh huh.

әhә

bkch

әhә

57 (a) [2:19] And the shepherds up there know, you see, by the pitch [marks]

and

there adv

and

shepherd pl m def

know 3pl pres I

mean 3sg pres I

pitch sg m def

because

58 (a) [2:22] that were put on the backs [of the sheep]. Because it’s visible, right?

nә

на

grɤbò

back sg m def

acc refl clt

put 3sg pres I

now adv

rel

acc refl clt

look 3sg pres I

interr

59 (GK) Uh huh.

әhә

bkch

әhә

60 (a) [2:26] and when they see one, they’ll say “Ah, that sheep [belongs]

and

nom 3pl

ost

when conj

acc f 3sg clt

see 3sg pres P

excl

nom f 3sg

3sg pres cop clt

61 (a) [2:27] to so and so, that kind of pitch mark designates that person.”

certain indcl

who sg m

dat refl clt

this sg m adj

pitch sg m

3sg pres cop clt

this sg m adj

somebody indcl

62 (GK) Huh.

hә

bkch

63 (a) [2:32] And another pitch mark [to another].

drùgiju

other sg m def adj

друг

katràn’

pitch sg m

3sg pres cop clt

съм

64 (GK) So – weren’t there any other marks on, on the ear?

disc

hes

other pl adj

exist impf neg

interr clt

other pl adj

mark pl m

ear sg n def

65 (a) [2:39] No. What other – ?

other pl adj

other pl adj

what sg n interr

66 (GK) You didn’t punch [holes] in the ear?

neg

acc 3pl clt

punch 2pl impf I

67 (a) [2:42] No, they don’t make punches. When the collective farm came, they used

nè

neg

не

dùpčәt

punch 3pl pres I

acc 3pl clt

now adv

already adv

when conj

become 3sg aor P

economy sg n def

put 3pl pres P

dat 3pl clt

те

68 (a) [2:46] some sort of punches. But I never saw [any of that].

some.kind pl adj

punch pl f

there adv

when conj

and

nom 1sg

neg

1sg pres aux clt

see sg m L.part P

69 (GK) Uh huh.

әhә

bkch

әhә

70 (a) [2:50] And –

and

71 (GK) So only the slant-cut and the notch.

mean 3sg pres I

only adv

slant.cut sg f

and

ràbuška

notch sg f

рабошка

72 (a) [2:52] Yes, slant-cuts and notches, in front or in back, so if you’ve got …

yes

slant.cut pl f

notch pl f

mean 3sg pres I

in.front adv

behind adv

mean 3sg pres I

if conj

dat 2sg clt

3sg pres cop clt

73 (GK) Uh huh.

əhə

bkch

аха

74 (a) [2:57] … a cut at a slant – but then someone could [also] make his mark

slanted adv

chop sg n P.part P

some sg m adj

and

can 3sg pres I

mark sg m def

comp

dat m 3sg clt

3sg pres cop clt

75 (a) [3:00] on top of the ear, with only a little bit cut out.

summit sg m def

small.ear sg n def

now adv

only adv

thus adv

3sg pres cop clt

chop sg n P.part P

chop sg n P.part P

76 (a) [3:04] That’s called “ushatka” (straight cut).

call 3sg pres I

acc refl clt

straight.cut sg f

77 (GK) Uh

bkch

78 (a) [3:06] “Ushatka”.

ušàtka

straight.cut sg f

79 (GK) Ah! You see? Anything else?

disc

see 2sg aor P

interr clt

and

other sg n adj

80 (a) [3:09] I don’t know anything else [about that].

and

other sg n adj

neg

know 1sg pres I

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GK

a

b

Baskalci 2

1 (GK) So how did you mark sheep? Did you mark them in a way to recognize them?

2 (a) [0:03] Well, each one had a mark.

3 (GK) What kind?

4 (a) [0:07] A mark – they make a mark on the ears.

5 (GK) And how do they do that?

6 (a) [0:11] And this surely – Hey, you’re recording me!

7 (b) [0:13] He’s recording you; he’s recording you.

8 (a) [0:15] So?

9 (b) [0:15] OK then, that’s better.

10 (a) [0:16] Well, sure –

11 (GK) [cough]

12 (a) [0:19] [On] the ear, for instance

13 (GK) Yes?

14 (a) [0:21] That means on the sheep’s ear. There are some [people], you know –

15 (a) [0:26] I make a little slanted cut here, and we call that “izbrŭska” (slant-cut).

16 (GK) Uh huh.

17 (a) [0:32] What’s your mark on the right ear? On the right ear it’s a slant-cut.

18 (GK) Uh huh, right.

19 (a) [0:38] But another will [make it] in front.

20 (GK) Right

21 (a) [0:43] [He’ll make] a notch in front. So when you fold the ear over,

22 (a) [0:46] and then – it’s done with scissors, or with shears –

23 (GK) Uh huh.

24 (a) [0:52] you slice of a little bet and you get a “swallowtail” cut here.

25 (GK) Uh huh.

26 (a) [0:55] Very little, but [enough] so each one knows which mark is his.

27 (a) [0:58] So you’ve got a mark, a “rabushka” (notch) on the right ear. A notch in front.

28 (a) [1:02] And on the left ear you’ve got a mark, a notch in the back. It’s called “the back”

29 (a) [1:07] when the ear is like this, on this side.

30 (GK) Uh huh.

31 (a) [1:09] and [the notch] in the front part is called “the front”.

32 (GK) The slant-cut.

33 (a) [1:13] Uh huh.

34 (GK) [So it’s called] a slant-cut when it’s in back –

35 (a) [1:15] A slant-cut in the back, but you can also have a slant-cut in the front.

36 (a) [1:20] Because it should happen very, very rarely that in one village

37 (a) [1:25] people should [all] use the same mark, that mine should be just like yours,

38 (a) [1:30] especially if we are neighbors. Because otherwise you wouldn’t recognize them.

39 (a) [1:33] Some would recognize them but others wouldn’t be able to.

40 (a) [1:36] If not for the mark they wouldn’t recognize them, and then they’d quarrel

41 (b) [1:39] You’ll say it’s yours, I’ll say it’s mine,

42 (a) [1:41] and we might get into a fight!

43 (GK) [laughter]

44 (a) [1:44] [laughter] Yes, that’s right!

45 (GK) And other – were there other kinds of marks?

46 (a) [1:48] No. Well [yes], there’s another mark when you gather at –

47 (GK) At what?

48 (a) [1:52] At the dairy farm, up there where they do the milking,

49 (a) [1:56] when they gather them there in the summer. They use pitch.

50 (a) [2:02] In the old days there was pitch (I bet you know that too!)

51 (GK) Yes?

52 (a) [2:05] And we mark them with pitch. You put it –

53 (a) [2:09] One would make a straight line on [the sheep’s] back, another

54 (a) [2:13] would [make it] on the side, and another – and each one will know

55 (a) [2:16] what kind of pitch [marking] he’ll have put on his sheep.

56 (GK) Uh huh.

57 (a) [2:19] And the shepherds up there know, you see, by the pitch [marks]

58 (a) [2:22] that were put on the backs [of the sheep]. Because it’s visible, right?

59 (GK) Uh huh.

60 (a) [2:26] and when they see one, they’ll say “Ah, that sheep [belongs]

61 (a) [2:27] to so and so, that kind of pitch mark designates that person.”

62 (GK) Huh.

63 (a) [2:32] And another pitch mark [to another].

64 (GK) So – weren’t there any other marks on, on the ear?

65 (a) [2:39] No. What other – ?

66 (GK) You didn’t punch [holes] in the ear?

67 (a) [2:42] No, they don’t make punches. When the collective farm came, they used

68 (a) [2:46] some sort of punches. But I never saw [any of that].

69 (GK) Uh huh.

70 (a) [2:50] And –

71 (GK) So only the slant-cut and the notch.

72 (a) [2:52] Yes, slant-cuts and notches, in front or in back, so if you’ve got …