Georgi Kolev
Village Image:
Baskalci 2
1 (GK) So how did you mark sheep? Did you mark them in a way to recognize them?
| disc | how interr | acc 3pl clt | mark 2pl impf I | sheep pl f def | mark 2pl impf I | interr clt | acc 3pl clt | comp | acc 3pl clt | recognize 2pl pres I |
2 (a) [0:03] Well, each one had a mark.
| disc | each sg m adj | have 3sg impf I | mark sg m |
3 (GK) What kind?
| what.kind sg m interr adj |
4 (a) [0:07] A mark – they make a mark on the ears.
| mark sg m | on | this sg n adj | on | ear pl n def | acc refl clt | make 3sg pres I | mark sg m |
5 (GK) And how do they do that?
| and | how interr | acc refl clt | make 3sg pres I | nom m 3sg |
6 (a) [0:11] And this surely – Hey, you’re recording me!
| and | and | this sg n adj | [...] | acc 1sg clt | [...] | excl | nom 2sg |
7 (b) [0:13] He’s recording you; he’s recording you.
| record 3sg pres I | acc 2sg clt | record 3sg pres I | acc 2sg clt |
8 (a) [0:15] So?
| disc |
9 (b) [0:15] OK then, that’s better.
| disc | more | nice adv |
10 (a) [0:16] Well, sure –
| disc | disc | disc |
11 (GK) [cough]
|
[ … ]
|
12 (a) [0:19] [On] the ear, for instance
| ear sg n def | 3sg pres cop clt | for.example adv | this sg n adj |
13 (GK) Yes?
| disc |
14 (a) [0:21] That means on the sheep’s ear. There are some [people], you know –
| on | sheep sg f def | this sg n adj | represent 3sg pres I | ear sg n def | now adv | some pl adj | pres exist | mean 3sg pres I |
15 (a) [0:26] I make a little slanted cut here, and we call that “izbrŭska” (slant-cut).
| nom 1sg | from | here adv | thus adv | fut | cut.off 1sg pres P | slanted adv | small | and | acc refl clt | call 3sg pres I | this sg n adj | slant.cut sg f |
16 (GK) Uh huh.
| bkch |
17 (a) [0:32] What’s your mark on the right ear? On the right ear it’s a slant-cut.
| on | right sg n def adj | what.kind sg m adj | dat 2sg clt | 3sg pres cop clt | adrs | mark sg m def | on | right sg n def adj | ear sg n | 3sg pres cop clt | slant.cut sg f |
18 (GK) Uh huh, right.
|
disc
|
thus adv |
19 (a) [0:38] But another will [make it] in front.
| other sg n adj | other sg m def adj | again adv | after | in.front adv | pres exist |
20 (GK) Right
| thus adv |
21 (a) [0:43] [He’ll make] a notch in front. So when you fold the ear over,
| in.front adv | notch sg f | and | thus adv | when conj | bend 3sg pres P | small.ear sg n def | interr |
22 (a) [0:46] and then – it’s done with scissors, or with shears –
| and | with | one pl adj | again adv | with | scissors pl.t | become 3sg pres I | this sg n adj | or | with | shears pl.t |
23 (GK) Uh huh.
| bkch |
24 (a) [0:52] you slice of a little bet and you get a “swallowtail” cut here.
| cut.off 2sg pres P | slanted adv | this sg n adj | acc refl clt | split 3sg pres I | slanted adv | by | little adv |
25 (GK) Uh huh.
| bkch |
26 (a) [0:55] Very little, but [enough] so each one knows which mark is his.
| by | little adv | but | each sg m adj | fut | know 3sg pres I | mark sg m def | what.kind sg m adj | dat n 3sg clt | 3sg pres cop clt | mean 3sg pres I |
27 (a) [0:58] So you’ve got a mark, a “rabushka” (notch) on the right ear. A notch in front.
| on | right sg n def adj | ear sg n | dat 2sg clt | 3sg pres cop clt | mark sg m def | notch sg f | in.front adv | notch sg f |
28 (a) [1:02] And on the left ear you’ve got a mark, a notch in the back. It’s called “the back”
| on | left sg n def adj | ear sg n | dat 2sg clt | 3sg pres cop clt | mark sg m def | behind adv | notch sg f | interr | behind adv | acc refl clt | call 3sg pres I |
29 (a) [1:07] when the ear is like this, on this side.
| when conj | ear sg n def | when conj | 3sg pres cop clt | thus adv | from | this sg f adj | side sg f |
30 (GK) Uh huh.
| bkch |
31 (a) [1:09] and [the notch] in the front part is called “the front”.
| and | and | in.front adv | acc refl clt | call 3sg pres I | and | front sg f def adj | side sg f |
32 (GK) The slant-cut.
| slant.cut sg f |
33 (a) [1:13] Uh huh.
| bkch |
34 (GK) [So it’s called] a slant-cut when it’s in back –
| slant.cut sg f | when inter.rel | 3sg pres cop clt | behind adv |
35 (a) [1:15] A slant-cut in the back, but you can also have a slant-cut in the front.
| [...] | behind adv | slant.cut sg f | and | in.front adv | can 3sg pres I | slant.cut sg f | and | and | in.front adv | pres exist | and | slant.cut sg f |
36 (a) [1:20] Because it should happen very, very rarely that in one village
| because conj | nom 3pl | in | village sg n def | 3pl pres cop clt | mean 3sg pres I | very adv | very adv | rarely adv | must pres I imprs | comp | acc refl clt | happen 3sg pres P |
37 (a) [1:25] people should [all] use the same mark, that mine should be just like yours,
| for | one sg m adj | mark sg m | comp | 3pl pres cop clt | my sg m def | mark sg m | and | your sg m def adj | comp | acc refl clt | compare 3sg pres I |
38 (a) [1:30] especially if we are neighbors. Because otherwise you wouldn’t recognize them.
| especially adv | if conj | 3pl pres cop clt | neighbor pl m | because conj | fut neg | comp | dat refl clt | acc 3pl clt | recognize 2pl pres P |
39 (a) [1:33] Some would recognize them but others wouldn’t be able to.
| some pl adj | acc 3pl clt | recognize 3pl pres I | many adv | but | some pl adj | but | neg | can 3sg pres I | acc 3pl clt | recognize 3pl pres I |
40 (a) [1:36] If not for the mark they wouldn’t recognize them, and then they’d quarrel
| if conj | neg | 3sg pres cop clt | mark sg m def | neg | can 3sg pres I | acc 3pl clt | recognize 3pl pres I | fut | acc refl clt | take 3pl pres P |
41 (b) [1:39] You’ll say it’s yours, I’ll say it’s mine [laughter],
| nom 2sg | fut | acc n 3sg clt | call 2sg pres I | your sg n adj | nom 1sg | fut | acc n 3sg clt | call 1sg pres I | my sg n adj |
42 (a) [1:41] and we might get into a fight!
| and | must pres I imprs | comp | acc refl clt | beat 1pl pres I |
43 (GK) [laughter]
|
[…]
|
44 (a) [1:44] [laughter] Yes, that’s right!
| yes | thus adv | 3sg pres cop clt |
45 (GK) And other – were there other kinds of marks?
| and | other pl adj | other sg m adj | other pl adj | exist impf | interr clt | other pl adj | mark pl m |
46 (a) [1:48] No. Well [yes], there’s another mark when you gather at –
| no | for | other sg m adj | mark sg m | pres exist | when inter.rel | acc refl clt | gather 3pl pres I | at | this sg n adj |
47 (GK) At what?
| at | which sg n interr |
48 (a) [1:52] At the dairy farm, up there where they do the milking,
| at | dairy.farm sg f def | at | dairy.farm sg f def | here adv | ost | above adv | when inter.rel | acc refl clt | milk 3pl pres I |
49 (a) [1:56] when they gather them there in the summer. They use pitch.
| when inter.rel | acc 3pl clt | gather 3pl pres I | during | summer sg n def | 3pl pres cop clt | comp | disc | pres exist | pitch sg m |
50 (a) [2:02] In the old days there was pitch (I bet you know that too!)
| exist impf | one sg n adj | time sg n | pitch sg m | know 2sg pres I | interr clt | when conj | 2sg pres cop clt |
51 (GK) Yes?
| disc |
52 (a) [2:05] And we mark them with pitch. You put it –
| and | with | pitch sg m def | acc 3pl clt | mark 1pl pres I | pitch sg m def | and | acc m 3sg clt | put 2sg pres P |
53 (a) [2:09] One would make a straight line on [the sheep’s] back, another
| on | one sg m adj | fut | 3sg pres cop clt | through | spine sg m def | straight sg f adj | line sg f | on | other sg m def adj |
54 (a) [2:13] would [make it] on the side, and another – and each one will know
| fut | 3sg pres cop clt | from | side sg f def | on | other sg m def adj | and | this sg m adj | each sg m | know 3sg pres I | mean 3sg pres I |
55 (a) [2:16] what kind of pitch [marking] he’ll have put on his sheep.
| what.kind sg m adj | pitch sg m | fut | 3sg pres aux clt | put sg m L.part P | on | sheep pl f def |
56 (GK) Uh huh.
| bkch |
57 (a) [2:19] And the shepherds up there know, you see, by the pitch [marks]
| and | there adv | and | shepherd pl m def | know 3pl pres I | mean 3sg pres I | by | pitch sg m def | because |
58 (a) [2:22] that were put on the backs [of the sheep]. Because it’s visible, right?
| on | back sg m def | acc refl clt | put 3sg pres I | now adv | rel | acc refl clt | look 3sg pres I | interr |
59 (GK) Uh huh.
| bkch |
60 (a) [2:26] and when they see one, they’ll say “Ah, that sheep [belongs]
| and | nom 3pl | ost | when conj | acc f 3sg clt | see 3sg pres P | excl | nom f 3sg | 3sg pres cop clt |
61 (a) [2:27] to so and so, that kind of pitch mark designates that person.”
| to | certain indcl | who sg m | dat refl clt | this sg m adj | pitch sg m | 3sg pres cop clt | to | this sg m adj | somebody indcl |
62 (GK) Huh.
|
bkch
|
63 (a) [2:32] And another pitch mark [to another].
| other sg m def adj | pitch sg m | 3sg pres cop clt |
64 (GK) So – weren’t there any other marks on, on the ear?
| disc | hes | other pl adj | exist impf neg | interr clt | other pl adj | mark pl m | by | by | ear sg n def |
65 (a) [2:39] No. What other – ?
| no | other pl adj | other pl adj | what sg n interr |
66 (GK) You didn’t punch [holes] in the ear?
| neg | acc 3pl clt | punch 2pl impf I |
67 (a) [2:42] No, they don’t make punches. When the collective farm came, they used
| neg | punch 3pl pres I | acc 3pl clt | now adv | already adv | when conj | become 3sg aor P | economy sg n def | put 3pl pres P | dat 3pl clt |
68 (a) [2:46] some sort of punches. But I never saw [any of that].
| some.kind pl adj | punch pl f | there adv | when conj | and | nom 1sg | neg | 1sg pres aux clt | see sg m L.part P |
69 (GK) Uh huh.
| bkch |
70 (a) [2:50] And –
| and |
71 (GK) So only the slant-cut and the notch.
| mean 3sg pres I | only adv | slant.cut sg f | and | notch sg f |
72 (a) [2:52] Yes, slant-cuts and notches, in front or in back, so if you’ve got …
| yes | slant.cut pl f | notch pl f | mean 3sg pres I | in.front adv | behind adv | mean 3sg pres I | if conj | dat 2sg clt | 3sg pres cop clt |
73 (GK) Uh huh.
| bkch |
74 (a) [2:57] … a cut at a slant – but then someone could [also] make his mark
| slanted adv | chop sg n P.part P | some sg m adj | and | can 3sg pres I | mark sg m def | comp | dat m 3sg clt | 3sg pres cop clt |
75 (a) [3:00] on top of the ear, with only a little bit cut out.
| on | summit sg m def | on | small.ear sg n def | now adv | only adv | thus adv | 3sg pres cop clt | chop sg n P.part P | chop sg n P.part P |
76 (a) [3:04] That’s called “ushatka” (straight cut).
| call 3sg pres I | acc refl clt | straight.cut sg f |
77 (GK) Uh
|
bkch
|
78 (a) [3:06] “Ushatka”.
| straight.cut sg f |
79 (GK) Ah! You see? Anything else?
| disc | see 2sg aor P | interr clt | and | other sg n adj |
80 (a) [3:09] I don’t know anything else [about that].
| and | other sg n adj | not.know 1sg pres I |