Vladimir Zhobov
Gorno Vŭršilo 1
1 (VZh) [What work did you do in the garden?]
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2 (a) I dug out [onions]. I picked grapes, I picked cherries, I gathered in the hay
| 1sg pres aux clt | pull.out sg f L.part I | grapes sg n | 1sg pres aux clt | pick sg f L.part I | cherry pl f | 1sg pres aux clt | pick sg f L.part I | hay sg n | 1sg pres aux clt | gather sg f L.part I |
3 (a) [0:09] Whatever there was [to] do in the cooperative farm, I did it all
| disc | what sg n inter.rel | 3sg pres aux clt | L.part exist | in | T.K.Z.S. sg n def | everything sg n adj | 1sg pres aux clt | work sg f L.part I |
4 (a) [0:12] and in the end I went blind and now [wear] glasses.
| and | most | later adv | go.blind 1sg aor P | with | glasses pl.t | 1sg pres cop clt |
5 (VZh) [What work did you do when you were young?]
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6 (a) [0:15] Ah, what did I do! Well, we had a vineyard, we would dig and harvest [it].
| disc | what sg n interr | 1sg pres aux clt | work sg f L.part I | disc | vineyard sg n | have 1pl impf I | dig 1pl impf I | harvest 1pl impf I |
7 (a) [0:19] The two of us did all the digging and harvesting in a vineyard [covering] twenty decares.
| two def an.num | twenty | decare ct m | vineyard sg n | two def an.num | acc 3pl clt | dig.up 1pl impf I | and | harvest 1pl impf I |
8 (a) [0:23] We threshed – and there weren’t harvesters then, [we did it] with oxen. Hey, hey!
| thresh 1pl pres I | conj | impf neg exist | then adv | harvester pl m | with | ox m def pl | hort | hort |
9 (a) [0:27] [Just] a winnower, boom! boom! boom! [laughter] boom! Your breath sticks in your teeth,
| one f sg adj | winnower sg f | boom | boom | boom | boom | soul sg f def | dat 2sg clt | come 3sg pres P | in | tooth pl m def |
10 (a) [0:31] granny’s one! We had a very ha- It’s not hard for the youth now.
| grandmother f | much adv | 1pl pres aux clt | pl L.part cop | on |
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now adv | youth sg m def | neg | 3sg pres cop clt | on | agony sg f |
11 (a) [0:35] Tractors do the plowing for them, harvesters do the reaping for them, what trouble is that?
| tractor pl m | dat 3pl clt | plow 3pl pres I | harvester pl m | acc 3pl clt | harvest 3pl pres I | what.kind sg f adj | agony sg f |
12 (a) [0:39] But what we went through! Two of us dug out a whole fifth of a hectare of vineyard
| but | nom 1pl | what sg n interr | 1pl pres aux clt | see pl L.part I | twenty | decare ct m | vineyard sg n | two an.num | acc 3pl clt | dig.up 1pl impf I |
13 (a) [0:44] We plow it in the spring, we hoe it three times in the summer, and now
| spring adv | acc 3pl clt | plow 1pl pres P | in.summer adv | three | time pl m | acc 3pl clt | hoe 1pl pres I | but | now adv |
14 (a) [0:48] they can’t dig it out [properly] even once! [laughter]
| neg | can 3pl pres I | and | by | once adv | comp | acc 3pl clt | dig.up 3pl pres P |
15 (VZh) [Why don’t they go out to do the digging?]
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16 (a) [0:50] They don’t have the time! They’re off on their own, it’s “never their turn”, and that’s all.
| pres neg exist | time sg n | disc | preoccupy pl P.part P | 3pl pres cop clt | and | neg | fall 3sg pres I | acc refl clt | and | thus adv |
17 (a) [0:54] They sit in the grass, we ask for grapes, they brought in two little bags of grapes. But that’s
| sit 3pl pres I | in | grass sg f def | want 1pl pres I | grapes sg n | bring.in 3pl aor P | two f | sack pl n def | grapes sg n | nom sg n | and |
18 (a) [0:58] not grapes, it’s tarator (yogurt-cucumber soup)! With garlic, we’d make tarator! [laughter]
| neg | 3sg pres cop clt | grapes sg n | tarator sg m | comp | pres exist | garlic sg m | comp | make 1pl pres I | tarator sg m |
19 (VZh) [Which animals did you have?]
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20 (a) [1:02] Sheep, donkeys, pigs, chickens. I was a shepherdess until I quit [work].
| disc | sheep pl f | donkey pl n | pig pl f | hen pl f | shepherdess sg f | 1sg impf cop | until conj | stop 1sg aor P |
21 (a) [1:08] I was always going out with the sheep. The donkeys are at my son’s. Two donkeys now.
| all adv | with | sheep pl f def | go 1sg impf P | donkey pl n def | 3pl pres cop clt | at | son sg m def | and | now adv | two f | donkey pl n |
22 (VZh) [Did you have oxen, or any other animals?]
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23 (a) [1:13] We bought donkeys, two little ones. Little donkeys, that’s what we work with now.
| buy 1pl aor P | donkey pl n | two pl adj | small.donkey pl n | now adv | dat refl clt | ost | with | acc 3pl | work 1pl pres I |
24 (a) [1:19] With donkeys. No oxen [any more].
| with | donkey pl n def | pres neg exist | ox pl m |
25 (VZh) [What work does a woman have to do when she gets up?]
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26 (a) [1:22] When I get up I start mixing the bread, and after I mix it I throw it into the oven
| when conj | arise 1sg pres P | knead 1sg pres P | bread sg m | when inter.rel | knead 1sg pres I | bread sg m | throw 1sg pres P | acc m 3sg clt | in | oven sg f def |
27 (a) [1:26] I take it out, I put the hot bread [into a bag] and go up the hill
| take.out 1sg pres P | acc m 3sg clt | put 1sg pres P | hot sg m adj | bread sg m | and | walk 1sg pres I | to | summit sg m def |
28 (a) [1:29] and reap in the collective farm. And they say “Granny Rayna, when did you bake it?”
| and | reap 1sg pres I | in | T.K.Z.S. sg n def | nom 3pl | say 3pl pres P | grandmother voc sg f | Rayna voc sg f name | when interr | acc m 3sg clt | bake 2sg aor I |
29 (a) [1:33] I said, “When did I bake it? During the night!” I also bring hearthcake,
| say 1sg aor P | when interr | acc m 3sg clt | bake 1sg aor I | last.night adv | carry 1sg pres P | and | hearthcake sg m |
30 (a) [1:36] [and] they say, “But when did you make it, huh?” – “Well, when did I make it?
| nom 3pl | say 3pl pres P | but | when interr | acc m 3sg clt | make 2sg aor I | adrs | disc | when interr | acc m 3sg clt | make 1sg aor I |
31 (a) [1:38] Now, with the bread!” They were amazed at me, [and said]
| now adv | with | bread sg m def | adrs | nom 3pl | acc refl clt | wonder 3pl impf I | with | acc 1sg | adrs |
32 (a) [1:41] “Did you see how Granny Rayna ended up now?
| see 2sg aor P | interr clt | grandmother f | Rayna sg f name | how interr | remain 3sg aor P | now adv |
33 (b) [laughter]
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34 (a) [1:43] She [did all this and now] can’t bring water to herself!” [laughter]
| and | water sg f | neg | can 3sg pres I | dat refl clt | bring 3sg pres P |
35 (VZh) [What did you use to mix bread in?]
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36 (a) [1:45] A kneading trough, like that. And then we shake the sieve constantly, that’s how we do it.
| kneading.trough pl.t | ost | like | this sg n adj | come 3pl aor I | and | one sg n adj | sieve sg n | constantly adv | call 1pl pres I | thus adv |
37 (a) [1:50] We tap on it, and sift [the flour] out. I’ve [also] made bread with potatoes.
| and | tap 1pl pres I | and | sift 1pl pres P | again adv | 1sg pres aux clt | knead sg f L.part I | bread sg m | and | with | potato sg m |
38 (a) [1:53] There wasn’t – hail battered us one year and I didn’t have flour, only a little,
| impf neg exist | beat 3sg aor I | acc 1pl clt | one f sg adj | year f sg | hail sg m | and | disc | and | not.have 1sg pres I | flour sg n | little adv |
39 (a) [1:58] So I boil up a potato, peel it, and mix it in the kneading trough
| nom 1sg | boil 1sg pres P | potato sg m | peel 1sg pres P | acc m 3sg clt | and | acc m 3sg clt | mix 1sg pres P | kneading.trough pl.t def |
40 (a) [2:02] and knead bread – And when you take it out, it’s the twin sister [of bread]! [laughter]
| again adv | knead 1sg pres P | bread sg m | when conj | acc m 3sg clt | extract 2sg pres P | twin sg f |
41 (VZh) [How did one grind the grain?]
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42 (a) [2:06] Well [for] white [flour] they would grind it on simple stones, two fingers in width.
| disc | white sg n adj | on | simple pl adj | stone pl m | acc m 3sg clt | grind 3pl impf I |
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so.much adv | wide pl adj | two m | finger ct m |
43 (VZh) [Is the bread they have now O.K.?]
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44 (a) [2:12] Yes, they give (= sell) us nice bread. How can you say about good [bread]
| disc | and | nice sg m adj | bread sg m | dat 1pl clt | give 3pl pres I | to | nice sg n def adj | how interr | fut | say 2sg pres P |
45 (a) [2:14] [that] it isn’t good? I bought some white flour [because] I felt like eating
| neg | 3sg pres cop clt | nice sg n adj | flour sg n | 1sg pres aux clt | dat refl clt | take sg f L.part P | white sg n adj | please 3sg aor P | interr clt | dat 1sg clt | acc refl clt |
46 (a) [2:18] “white”, [like] that there: I kneaded it up this morning and there it is in the pan.
| white sg m | ost | acc m 3sg clt | disc | knead 1sg aor P | acc m 3sg clt | in.morning adv | ost | acc m 3sg clt | in | pan sg f def |
47 (a) [2:20] I [just] took it out.
| extract 1sg aor P | acc m 3sg clt |
48 (VZh) [How were weddings celebrated?]
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49 (a) [2:22] How was a wedding done? Well, we’ll invite our people
| how interr | acc refl clt | 3sg pres aux clt | make sg n L.part I | wedding sg f | disc | fut | invite 1pl pres P | one's.own pl def adj |
50 (a) [2:24] and the [place] fills up, then the violinists play, then we open up the wine.
| and | acc refl clt | fill 3pl pres P | and | violinist pl m | play.music 3pl pres I | and | release 1pl pres P | wine sg n |
51 (a) [2:28] we slaughter two sheep. And they cook, they eat, they drink
| and | slaughter 1pl pres P | two f | sheep pl f | and | cook 3pl pres I | and | eat 3pl pres I | and | drink 3pl pres I |
52 (a) [2:32] and they shout all night. We start it [all] on Friday,
| and | call 3pl pres I | on | entire sg f adj | night sg f | grasp 1pl pres P | acc f 3sg clt | to | Friday sg m |
53 (a) [2:35] and finish the wedding on Monday. That’s how a wedding was done then,
| finish 1pl pres P | acc f 3sg clt | on | Monday sg m | wedding sg f def | then adv | acc refl clt | thus adv | make 3sg impf I | wedding sg f |
54 (a) [2:40] not in restaurants the way you [do it] now. We [do it] at home.
| pres neg exist | by | restaurant pl m def | how interr | nom 2pl | now adv | nom 1pl | at.home adv |
55 (a) [2:43] When we married off my older son, we slaughtered two goats.
| when inter.rel | marry 1pl aor I | this sg m adj | son sg m | big sg m def adj | slaughter 1pl aor P | two f | goat pl f |