Georgi Kolev
Breste 2
1 (GK) You said that in the old days you were constantly out in the fields.
| and | one sg n adj | time sg n | by | nom 2sg | say 2sg aor P | that conj | by | field sg f def | all adv | 2pl pres aux clt | pl L.part cop |
2 (GK) and there was –
| [ ... ] | exist impf |
3 (a) [0:04] In the fields.
| by | field sg f def |
4 (GK) How did you know what the weather would be, when it would rain?
| how interr | know 2pl impf P | weather sg n def | what sg n interr | fut | be 3sg pres P | when interr | fut | 3sg pres cop clt | at | rain m |
5 (a) [0:06] [By] the sun.
| sun sg n def |
6 (GK) What?
| disc |
7 (a) [0:07] We orient ourselves by the sun,
| by | sun sg n def | acc refl clt | regulate 1pl pres I |
8 (GK) [ка̀к] How –
| how interr |
9 (a) [0:09] When the sun sets!
| when conj | set 3sg pres P | sun sg n def |
10 (b) [0:11] Well, but –
| disc | disc |
11 (a) [0:12] There weren’t watches! None
| exist impf neg | watch pl m | exist impf neg |
12 (b) [0:13] He means [how do you know] what will happen, whether it will rain,
| want 3sg pres I | comp | say 3sg pres P | hes | what sg n interr | fut | be 3sg pres P | interr | fut | be 3sg pres P | rainy sg n adj |
13 (b) [0:16] How can you foretell the weather? From when the sun goes behind a cloud,
| what sg n interr | fut | be 3sg pres P | weather sg n def | by | what sg n interr | know 2sg pres I | when inter.rel | sun sg n def | go 3sg pres P | in | cloud sg m |
14 (b) [0:19] or what? When it’s red [if that means it will be] windy?
| or | how interr | what sg n interr | or | when rel | 3sg pres cop clt | red sg n adj | at | wind sg m |
15 (a) [0:22] When it’s red we say [there’s] wind, otherwise we don’t know.
| when conj | 3sg pres cop clt | red sg n adj | say 1pl pres P | at | wind sg m | and | but | otherwise adv | neg | know 1pl pres I |
16 (a) [0:24] Or when there’s a cloud over the sun, or it sets into a cloud,
| or | and | when conj | pres exist | cloud sg m | before | sun sg n def | or | disappear 3sg pres P | in | cloud sg m |
17 (a) [0:29] we say tomorrow it will rain, because the sun’s in a cloud.
| call 1pl pres I | tomorrow adv | fut | precipitate 3sg pres I | because | sun sg n def | 3sg pres cop clt | in | cloud sg m |
18 (a) [0:33] The sun’s moved into a cloud, or there’s a cloud in front of the sun
| sun sg n def | acc refl clt | 3sg pres aux clt | drag sg n L.part P | in | cloud sg m | or | and | before | sun sg n def | pres exist | cloud sg m |
19 (a) [0:37] There’ll be bad weather.
| fut | pres exist | bad sg n adj | weather sg n |
20 (b) [0:39] You can tell also by the moonlight.
| moon sg f def | same adv | acc refl clt | know 3sg pres I |
21 (a) [0:40] By the moonlight, by the stars. We say the morning star is out – Like that.
| moon sg f def | by | star pl f def | say 1pl pres P | morning.star sg f def | turn.up 3sg pres P | thus adv | 3sg pres cop clt |
22 (GK) Did you orient yourselves by the stars, to tell what will happen?
| and | by | by | star pl f def |
orient
2pl
impf
I
|
interr clt | acc refl clt | what sg n interr | fut | 3sg pres cop clt |
23 (a) [0:50] Mostly when the morning star comes out, it would shine the strongest
| because | more.or.less adv | when conj | jump 3sg pres P | morning.star sg f def | nom f 3sg | most | shine 3sg impf I |
24 (a) [0:54] That star shines the most. We say that’s the morning star, because it shines most.
| this sg f adj | star sg f | most | much adv | shine 3sg pres I | say 1pl pres P | this sg n adj | 3sg pres cop clt | morning.star sg f def | because | most | shine 3sg pres I |
25 (a) [0:58] Those [others] shine, those stars too, but that one is the biggest,
| that pl adj | shine 3pl pres I | and | that pl adj | star pl f | but | nom f 3sg | 3sg pres cop clt | more | big sg f adj |
26 (a) [1:01] it shines more. [When we see it] we say “That’s the morning star”
| and | more | shine 3sg pres I | say 1pl pres P | this sg n adj | 3sg pres cop clt | morning.star sg f def |
27 (a) [1:04] and we get up and start to reap. Early.
| arise 1pl pres I | and | begin 1pl pres I | comp | reap 1pl pres I | early adv |
28 (GK) Uh huh.
|
bkch
|
29 (a) [1:09] When it’s cool.
| by | coolness sg f |
30 (GK) When it’s cool.
| by | coolness sg f def |
31 (a) [1:11] When it’s cool, yes.
| by | coolness sg f def | yes |
32 (b) [1:12] And then you lie down [to rest when] the sun [is high].
| disc | sun sg n def | nom 2pl | lie 2pl pres I |
33 (a) [1:13] Ah, we lie down!
| ah | lie 1pl pres I |
34 (GK) Ha.
| excl |
35 (a) [1:15] We don’t lie down, Penka, we reap in the sun [too] because –
| neg | lie 1pl pres I | Penka voc sg f | reap 1pl pres I | dat refl clt | by | sun sg n def | because conj |
36 (b) [1:18] But it wasn’t the same sun that we have now
| but | exist impf neg | such sg n adj | sun sg n | as rel | now adv |
37 (a) [1:20] It wasn’t the same sun.
| exist impf neg | such sg n adj | sun sg n def |
38 (b) [1:21] [This one] burns you right up.
| straight adv | acc 2sg clt | burn 3sg pres I |
39 (a) [1:22] Uh huh.
|
bkch
|
40 (b) [1:23] since there’ll be [solar] eruptions tomorrow. Eruptions every other day now.
| from | when conj | 3sg pres cop clt | with | this pl adj | eruption pl n | tomorrow adv | fut | pres exist | eruption pl n | during | day sg m | now adv |
41 (a) [1:28] There’s no eruptions, no such thing. Never was.
| pres neg exist | eruption sg n | pres neg exist | such pl adj | pres neg exist | such pl adj | thing pl f | exist impf neg |
42 (GK) Just a sickle and that’s all.
| sickle sg m def | and | this sg n adj | 3sg pres cop clt |
43 (a) [1:34] We take up the sickle. Each has a sickle, each has a little flask.
| sickle sg m def | arise 1pl pres I | each sg m adj | dat refl clt | have 3sg pres I | sickle sg m | each sg m adj | dat refl clt | have 3sg pres I | flask sg n |
44 (b) [1:37] A hoe.
| hoe sg f |
45 (a) [1:38] A hoe.
| hoe sg f def |
46 (GK) And on your other hand, did you put something there? Or not?
| and | on | on | other sg f def adj | hand sg f | put 2pl impf I | interr clt | thing sg n | or | not |
47 (a) [1:40] Um –
| disc | [ ... ] |
48 (GK) A swaphook?
| swaphook sg f | disc |
49 (a) [1:43] No, no. I didn’t. There are some who use a swaphook, but we –
| no | no | nom 1sg | neg | 1sg pres aux clt | pres exist | one pl adj | and | put 3pl pres I | swaphook sg f | but | nom 1pl |
50 (GK) But not here among you.
| but | here adv | by | acc 2pl | pres neg exist |
51 (a) [1:47] Not in our parts. Just like this, with a sickle.
| by |
our
sg
m
def
adj
|
region m sg | exist impf neg | thus adv | with | sickle sg m | bkch |
52 (GK) And when you reap, what do you do?
| and | when conj | reap 2pl pres P | what sg n interr | acc n 3sg clt | do 2pl pres I |
53 (a) [1:53] When we finish reaping, we begin to bring in the sheaves.
| when conj | reap 1pl pres P | begin 1pl pres I | comp | drive 1pl pres I | sheaf pl m def |
54 (GK) Do you load them onto carts right off, or do they stand there on the field?
| and | immediately adv | acc 3pl clt | load 2pl pres I | on | cart sg f def | or | there adv | stand 3pl pres I | in | in | field sg f def |
55 (a) [2:01] They stand on the field, then we prepare the cart, put on long cart rails.
| stand 3pl pres I | in | field sg f def | and | come 3sg pres P | and | prepare 1pl pres P | cart sg f def | put 1pl pres P | long pl def adj | rail pl f |
56 (b) [2:06] These –
| disc | acc 3pl clt |
57 (GK) Ah, these –
|
aha
disc
|
this pl adj |
58 (b) [2:08] This cart rail –
| this sg f adj | rail sg f |
59 (a) [2:09] This cart rail, the long ones.
| this sg f adj | rail sg f | long pl def adj |
60 (b) [2:10] [unclear] like this
| on | thus adv |
61 (a) [2:12] We put on long cart rails, and a [piece] of wood we call a “kuchka” (brake).
| long pl def adj | rail pl f | put 1sg pres I | pres exist | one sg n adj | wood sg n | and | dat n 3sg clt | call 1pl pres I | brake sg f | dat n 3sg clt | call 1pl pres I |
62 (a) [2:17] It’s got four holes and two small sticks and – I know it all!
| nom sg n | 3sg pres cop clt | with | four | hole pl f | and | two n | such pl adj | stake pl n | and | know 1sg pres I | everything sg n adj |
63 (a) [2:24] Give here, I’ll set it up. Give me these things, I’ll fix up the cart –
| adrs | give sg imv P | fut | dat 2sg clt | prepare 1sg pres P | give pl imv P | dat 1sg clt | this pl adj | thing pl f | fut | acc f 3sg clt | prepare 1sg pres P | cart sg f def |
64 (b) [2:29] You should have them! Where [unclear]
| nom 2sg | must pres I imprs | comp | dat refl clt | acc 3pl clt | have 2sg pres I | where inter.rel |
65 (a) [2:32] I’m telling you, it’s all gone already!
| disc | dat 2sg clt | say 1sg pres I | but | this sg n adj | acc refl clt | finish 3sg aor P | already adv |
66 (GK) And what do you do with this “kuchkha”?
| and | with | this sg f adj | brake sg f | what sg n interr | acc refl clt | do 3sg pres I |
67 (a) [2:36] We put [it] on a rope, there’s a fastener to this big piece of wood, as we say
| put 1sg pres I | rope sg n def | pres exist | one f sg adj | fastener sg f | with | big sg n adj | wood sg n | and | dat n 3sg clt | call 1pl pres I |
68 (a) [2:40] You put the sheaves [on it], put them there and like so, like so.
| put 1sg pres P | sheaf pl m def | put sg imv P | acc 3pl clt | thus adv | and | thus adv |
69 (a) [2:43] And then another row, again like so, like so, like so.
| and | after adv | one sg m adj | order sg m | and | thus adv | and | thus adv | and | thus adv |
70 (b) [2:44] Crosswise.
| crossed adv |
71 (a) [2:45] We put on the fastener and fasten them [up tight] so they don’t slip.
| put 1pl pres P | fastener sg f def | and | fasten 1pl pres I | sheaf pl m def | comp | neg | slip 3sg pres P | acc refl clt |
72 (GK) Uh huh.
| bkch |
73 (a) [2:49] And we bring them here to the threshing floor, we rake the grass [smooth]
| and | acc n 3sg clt | bring 1pl pres P | here adv | and | at | threshing.floor sg m def | rake 1pl pres I | grass sg f def |
74 (a) [2:54] so there’s no – [to be] like the grass here.
| comp | pres neg exist | [...] | like | here adv | ost | grass sg f def |
75 (GK) Uh huh.
|
bkch
|
76 (a) [2:56] We pour water. We bring it from the well, from a puddle, wherever we find it.
| and | pour 1pl pres I | water sg f | carry 1pl pres I | water sg f | from | well sg f def | from | puddle sg f | where inter.rel | find 1pl pres P |
77 (a) [3:01] so [when rain] strikes there’s no cracks for the wheat to get into.
| or | and | hit sg n L.part P | comp | pres neg exist | crack pl f | comp | acc refl clt | thrust 3sg pres P | grain sg n def |
78 (GK) Uh huh.
|
bkch
|
79 (a) [3:05] And we’d thresh [it] with horses.
| and | with | horst pl m def | thresh 1pl impf I |
80 (GK) And then you wait for it to dry, right?
| and | after adv | acc n 3sg clt | wait 2sg pres I | comp | dry 3sg pres P | thus adv | interr clt |
81 (a) [3:10] No, no! We gather it up in a pile. There’s winnowing machines.
| no | no | no | gather 1pl pres I | acc n 3sg clt | in | pile sg m | and | pres exist | winnower pl f |
82 (GK) No, [I mean] where you had sprinkled it, where you’d raked it.
| no | no | there adv | rel | 2sg pres aux clt | rel | 2sg pres aux clt | sprinkle sg m L.part I | rel | 2sg pres aux clt | rake sg m L.part I |
83 (b) [3:15] [where] it’s wet, it’s wet.
| at | wet sg n adj | at | wet sg n adj |
84 (a) [3:16] We’ll wait till it dries. It dries, it absorbs [the water],
| disc | fut | wait 1pl pres I | comp | dry 3sg pres P | comp | dry 3sg pres P | nom n 3sg | dry 3sg pres P | nom n 3sg | absorb 3sg pres I |
85 (a) [3:20] and there’s no holes for the wheat to get into. And then we gather it
| and | pres neg exist | hole pl f | comp | neg | go 3sg pres P | grain sg n def | by | hole pl f def | and | after adv | acc n 3sg clt | gather 1pl pres I |
86 (a) [3:25] into piles, winnow it with the winnower, and pour it into baskets.
| in | pile pl m | acc n 3sg clt | in | winnower sg f def | acc n 3sg clt | winnow 1pl pres P | acc n 3sg clt | pour 1pl pres I | in | basket pl m def |
87 (a) [3:30] And grind it. Mostly at these watermills,
| and | grind 1pl pres I | mostly adv | at | this pl adj | water pl def adj | mill pl f |
88 (a) [3:35] there weren’t [machine-driven] mills back then.
| exist impf neg | mill pl f | one.time adv |
89 (GK) Uh huh.
|
bkch
|
90 (a) [3:36] Later [machine-driven] mills came about.
| after adv | become 3pl aor P | mill pl f def |
91 (GK) So you ground it by hand?
| and | in | hand sg f | grind 2pl impf I | interr clt |
92 (a) [3:41] By hand – [no,] we didn’t.
| in | hand sg f | neg | 1pl pres aux clt |
93 (GK) There weren’t –
| impf neg exist |
94 (a) [3:42] There were watermills. Down in the gullies there were watermills.
| exist impf | dat refl clt | mill pl f | by | gully pl m def | dat refl clt | pres exist | mill pl f |
95 (GK) [unclear]
|
|
96 (a) [3:47] We grind [it] there. We didn’t grind by hand.
| dat refl clt | grind 1pl pres I | there adv | in | hand sg f | neg | 1pl pres aux clt | grind pl L.part I |
97 (GK) And did you make bulghur?
| and | bulghur sg m | make 2pl impf I | interr clt |
98 (a) [3:52] I haven’t made bulghur. Some people have made it but
| neg | 1sg pres aux clt | make sg f L.part I | nom 1sg | bulghur sg m | pres exist | one pl adj | people pl | 3pl pres aux clt | make pl L.part I | but |
99 (a) [3:55] I haven’t, and I don’t even know how it’s made.
| nom 1sg | neg | 1sg pres aux clt | make sg f L.part I | and | neg | know 1sg pres I | even adv | and | how interr | acc refl clt | make 3sg pres I |