Georgi Kolev
Vŭglarovo 1
1 (GK) How do you – how do you make bread? So you keep the flour
| how interr | acc refl clt | how interr | acc refl clt | knead 3sg pres I | mean 3sg pres I | there adv | acc n 3sg clt | flour sg n def | acc n 3sg clt | keep 2sg pres I |
2 (GK) in the barn, right, in the – in the compartment?
| in | barn sg m def | thus adv | interr clt | in |
[...]
|
compartment sg m |
3 (c) [0:04] Well, we also have [something] …
| disc | again adv | dat refl clt | have 1pl pres I |
4 (a) [0:05] We have special chests for that.
| box pl m | dat refl clt | have 1pl pres I | special pl m adj | for | this sg n med adj |
5 (c) [0:06] … [but] we’ve forgotten [what it is].
| 1pl pres aux clt | acc n 3sg clt | forget pl L.part P |
6 (a) [0:08] [Our] mothers took – we had big troughs, we sift things – there was a sieve
| take 3pl pres I | mother pl f def | have 1pl impf I | trough pl n | big pl adj | sift 1pl pres P | acc 3pl clt | sieve sg f | impf exist |
7 (b) [0:13] [unintelligible]
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8 (GK) Yes.
| yes |
9 (a) [0:14] and then we knead the bread …
| and | knead 1sg pres P | bread sg m def |
10 (GK) With what?
| with | what sg n interr |
11 (a) [0:15] … and when it rises -
| when inter.rel | ferment 3sg pres P |
12 (GK) What do you knead it with?
| with | what sg n interr | acc m 3sg clt | knead 2sg pres I |
13 (a) [0:17] With [our] hands!
| with | hand pl f def |
14 (b) [0:18] By hand – by hand.
| by | hand pl f | by | hand pl f |
15 (a) [0:18] By hand.
| by | hand pl f |
16 (GK) And in what?
| and | in | what sg n interr |
17 (a) [0:20] In this trough.
| in | this sg n med adj | trough sg n |
18 (c) [0:20] In this big trough.
| in | this sg n med adj | trough sg n |
19 (GK) And how did -
| disc | how interr | acc refl clt |
[...]
|
20 (b) [0:22] A bread-trough, we call it a bread-trough
| kneading.trough pl.t | kneading.trough pl.t | dat n 3sg clt | say 1pl pres I |
21 (a) [0:24] A wooden trough, we used to call it a bread-trough
| wooden sg m adj | trough sg n | nom 1pl | dat n 3sg clt | call 1pl impf I | kneading.trough pl.t |
22 (a) [0:26] but basically it’s a trough, made of wood …
| disc | in.essence adv | trough sg n | 3sg pres cop clt | and | wooden sg n adj |
23 (b) [0:27] and carved out.
| and | dig.out sg n P.part P |
24 (a) [0:28] .. and we put water in it.
| and | inside adv | acc n 3sg clt | water sg f | put 1pl pres I |
25 (IV) Exactly the way you used to call it is what [we] need.
| exactly adv | how rel | dat n 3sg clt | call 2pl impf I | thus adv | need pres imprs |
26 (a) [0:31] O.K. We put in water, we put in salt, and we crush it.
| excl | water sg f | put 1pl pres P | salt sg f | put 1pl pres P | and | mash 1pl pres I |
27 (b) [0:32] [unintelligible]
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28 (a) [0:34] You crush it up real good till you get sweaty
| until conj | comp | acc refl clt | sweat 2sg pres P | well adv | fut | mash 2sg pres I |
29 (c) [0:36] [unintelligible]
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30 (GK) [laughter]
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31 (a) [0:37] so it becomes bread like this. So it rises. Yes – like this!
| fut | become 3sg pres P | bread sg m def | thus prox adv | comp | acc refl clt | rise 3sg pres I | yes | thus med adv |
32 (a) [0:40] When I came [here] as a young bride, and Uncle Peter came [and said]
| nom 1sg | when inter.rel | come 1sg aor P | young sg f adj | bride sg f | and | uncle sg m | Peter sg m name | come 3sg aor P |
33 (a) [0:42] “O.K., let’s see if Dora can make bread.”
| disc | now adv | comp | see 1pl pres P | Dora sg f name | can 3sg pres I | interr clt | bread sg m | comp | knead 3sg pres I |
34 (a) [0:44] So I knead it here, knead it up good with flour, not with water.
| and | nom 1sg | knead 1sg pres P | here adv | knead 1sg pres P | with | flour sg n | not | with | water sg f |
35 (a) [0:47] Instead of putting water in, you put flour. So I knead
| in.place.of | comp | put 2sg pres I | water sg f | but | nom 2sg | flour sg n | put 2sg pres I | knead 1sg pres P |
36 (a) [0:50] and this sweat began to flow, and so I finished kneading it and we baked it.
| and | already adv | this sg f med adj | sweat sg f | flow 3sg aor P | thus prox adv | knead 1sg aor P | acc n 3sg clt | and | bake 1pl aor P |
37 (a) [0:54] It was nice bread, really nice bread.
| nice sg m adj | bread sg m | become 3sg aor P | very adv | nice sg m adj | bread sg m |
38 (GK) From the sweat!
| from | sweat sg f def |
39 (a) [0:57] Not …
| no |
40 (GK) [laughter]
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41 (a) [0:58] … from the sweat! But [because] I crushed it up really good!
| from | sweat sg f def | but | much adv | 1sg pres aux clt | acc m 3sg clt | mash sg f L.part P |
42 (b) [0:58] A young bride [needs] …
| young sg f adj | bride sg f |
43 (a) [0:59] I kneaded it up really good, young bride [that I was].
| nicely adv | 1sg pres aux clt | acc m 3sg clt | knead sg f L.part P | young sg f adj | bride sg f |
44 (b) [1:00] … to give evidence [of her ability] …
| comp | acc refl clt | display 3sg pres P |
45 (a) [1:03] I kneaded that bread really well.
| knead sg f L.part P | 1sg pres aux clt | acc m 3sg clt | nicely adv | bread sg m def |
46 (b) [1:04] … to knead bread.
| bread sg m | comp | knead 3sg pres I |
47 (c) [1:04] When the house beams start dripping, that means the bread is all kneaded! [laughter]
| beam pl f def | of | house sg f def | when inter.rel | drip 3pl pres P | then adv | sg m L.part cop | knead sg m P.part P | bread sg m def |
48 (GK) When what starts to drip?
| which sg n adj | when interr | drip 3sg pres P |
49 (c) [1:09] When the beams of the house start dripping, that means that bread is all kneaded –
| beam pl f def | of | house sg f def | when inter.rel | drip 3pl pres P | then adv | 3sg pres aux clt | sg m L.part cop | knead sg m P.part P | bread sg m def |
50 (c) [1:12] that’s what the old people said.
| old def adj | people pl | thus med adv | call 3pl impf I |
51 (d) [1:13] Eh!
| excl |
52 (c) [1:13] and we crush hard when we knead.
| and | nom 1pl | already adv | mash 1pl pres I | knead 1pl pres I |
53 (GK) Right.
| thus adv |
54 (a) [1:16] And then we had big outside ovens, they used to hold ten or fifteen loaves.
| later adv | have 1pl impf I | oven pl f | and | ten | fifteen | bread ct m | catch 3pl impf I |
55 (GK) Wow. So you kneaded all that, all of that, for [just] one loaf of bread?
| good adv | this sg n adj | everything sg n def adj | 2sg pres aux clt | acc m 3sg clt | knead sg f L.part P | everything sg n def adj | for | one sg m adj | bread sg m | interr clt | 3sg pres cop clt |
56 (b) [1:21] Yes.
| yes |
57 (a) [1:21] Yes. You can toss in fifteen loaves of bread at once.
| yes | at | one sg n adj | fut | acc m 3sg clt | throw 2sg pres P | fifteen | bread ct m |
58 (c) [1:24] No, they’re divided up – two kilos or so each. That’s how they’re divided.
| no | nom 3pl | divide pl P.part I | by | two m | kilogram ct m | interr clt | 3sg pres cop clt | divide pl P.part P | thus med adv |
59 (b) [1:27] [unintelligible] Two loaves at a time, [but] bigger loaves.
| by | two m | bread ct m | more | big pl adj | bread pl m |
60 (a) [1:28] Whatever size we want, that’s how we divide it up.
| as.much rel | dat refl clt | divide 1pl pres I | nom 1pl | so.much adv |
61 (a) [1:29] There wasn’t a standard measure for our bread back then.
| impf neg exist | measure sg f | then adv | to | our sg m def adj | bread sg m |
62 (b) [1:31] It didn’t get weighed [the way it is] now.
| neg | 3sg pres cop clt | weigh sg m P.part I | like | now adv |
63 (c) [1:33] Right, it wasn’t weighed.
| neg | acc refl clt | weigh 3sg impf I | yes |
64 (GK) Uh huh.
| bkch |
65 (a) [1:34] And you put it …
| and | throw 2sg pres P | acc m 3sg clt |
66 (b) [1:34] Big loaves of bread.
| big pl adj | bread pl m |
67 (a) [1:35] .. into the big oven, it bakes, you take it out. One loaf each for fifteen people.
| big.oven sg f def | bake 3sg pres P | acc refl clt | this sg m med adj | bread sg m | take.out 2sg pres P | acc m 3sg clt | fifteen | people pl | by | one sg m adj | bread sg m |
68 (a) [1:38] When we sit down [to eat] we’ll finish it off in a single day.
| when conj | sit.down 1pl pres P | for | one sg m adj | day sg m | acc m 3sg clt | eat.up 1pl pres P |
69 (c) [1:41] There wasn't such a crowd.
| neg | 3sg impf cop | crowd sg m |
70 (a) [1:42] We were many. We had 120 decares of land
| nom 1pl | 1pl impf cop | many adv | hundred | and | twenty | decare ct m | have 1pl impf I | field pl f |
71 (a) [1:44] and fifteen people in one house.
| but | fifteen | people pl | in | one sg f adj | house sg f |
72 (GK) You were a big company!
| big sg f adj | crowd sg f | 2pl pres aux clt | pl L.part cop |
73 (a) [1:48] A big one.
| big sg f adj |
74 (d) [1:50] Lots of brothers and sisters …
| many adv | brother pl m | sister pl f |
75 (a) [1:51] Brothers and sisters.
| brother pl m | sister pl f |
76 (b) [1:52] … and sisters-in-law too.
| sister.in.law pl f | as | disc |
77 (GK) And what happens next? What about the outdoor oven, how is that set up?
| and | what sg n interr | and | after adv | how interr | [...] | oven sg f def | what sg n interr | pres exist | around | oven sg f def |
78 (b) [1:57] Oh!
| excl |
79 (a) [1:57] [For the] outdoor oven, we heat it [with a] wood [fire].
| oven sg f def | with | wood pl n | acc f 3sg clt | heat.up 1pl pres P |
80 (b) [1:58] We heat up the oven.
| heat.up 1pl pres P | oven sg f def |
81 (a) [1:59] And we sweep out – we had this pole with rags tied onto, onto …
| and | sweep 1pl pres P | have 1pl impf | sweeper sg m | from | rug pl m | make sg m P.part P | tie sg m P.part P | on | one sg f adj |
82 (b) [2:02] It’s called a sweeper.
| sweeper sg m | acc refl clt | say 3sg pres I |
83 (a) [2:02] … onto a piece of wood [making] a mop.
| on | one sg n adj | wood sg n | and | mop sg f |
84 (b) [2:04] You moisten it, moisten it with a bit of water
| moisten 2sg pres P | acc m 3sg clt | moisten 2sg pres P | acc m 3sg clt | water sg f | little adv |
85 (GK) Right –
| thus adv |
86 (a) [2:06] [And then there’s] this …
| disc | disc |
87 (c) [2:07] [unintelligible]
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88 (a) [2:07] … scraper made like this, that you [use to] scrape the coals
| scraper sg f | thus med adv | make sg f P.part P | rel | comp | scrape 3sg pres I | embers sg f def |
89 (a) [2:10] After that I sweep out the ash, sweep it out …
| later adv | sweep 1sg pres P | and | hes | ash sg m def | sweep 1sg pres P |
90 (GK) Huh.
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disc
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91 (a) [2:13] … nice and good and we put in the bread and it bakes.
| well adv | and | throw 1pl pres I | bread sg m def | bake 3sg pres P | acc refl clt |
92 (GK) And –
| and |
93 (a) [2:16] And then we take it out.
| take.out 1pl pres P | acc m 3sg clt |
94 (GK) And how do you know when the bread – when it’s risen?
| and | how interr | acc m 3sg clt | understand 2pl pres I | bread sg m def | when interr | 3sg pres aux clt | rise sg m L.part P | thus adv |
95 (a) [2:18] But how could we not know?
| disc | how interr | neg | acc m 3sg clt | understand 1pl pres I |
96 (b) [2:19] Oh –
| excl |
97 (a) [2:20] It browns [in] the oven! What else? The oven’s got a lid
| nom m 3sg | redden 3sg pres I | oven sg f def | how interr | neg exist | pres exist | with | cover sg m | oven sg f def |
98 (b) [2:24] [It’s] closed off.
| cover sg f P.part P |
99 (a) [2:24] We take off the lid and we look. If the bread is browned –
| open 1pl pres P | cover sg m def | see 1pl pres P | if conj | [...] | redden sg m L.part P | bread sg m def |
100 (a) [2:27] if it’s very brown we take out the coals, the lid, everything and –
| if conj | 3sg pres aux clt | much adv | redden sg m L.part P | take.off 1pl pres I | embers sg m def | cover sg m def | everything sg n adj | below adv | and |
101 (c) [2:31] [unintelligible]
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102 (b) [2:31] So it doesn’t get burnt.
| comp | neg | burn 3sg pres P |
103 (a) [2:32] so it gets –
| comp | become 3sg pres P |
104 (GK) But here – in Stalevo they told me that there they used to bake
| and | here adv | in | Stalevo sg n place | dat 1sg clt | say 3pl aor P | that conj | there adv | bake pl L.part.impf I |
105 (GK) without this, without this outdoor oven.
| and | without | disc | and | without | oven pl f |
106 (a) [2:36] What do you mean, “without an oven”?! In a pan, maybe?
| how interr | without | oven pl f | in | pan pl f |
107 (GK) Something [like that].
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hes
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something sg n |
108 (c) [2:38] In stoves.
| in | stove pl f |
109 (d) [2:38] Something like that.
| something sg n | such sg n adj |
110 (a) [2:39] [Yes, you] can do it in a pan.
| in | pan sg f | can pres imprs | and |
111 (c) [2:39] It must be in the stove that they would have baked it.
| must pres imprs | in | oven sg f def | comp | 3pl pres aux clt | acc m 3sg clt | bake pl L.part I |
112 (a) [2:41] There used to be [these] baking slabs.
| and | baking.dish pl m | impf exist |
113 (c) [2:41] [unintelligible]
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114 (a) [2:42] Not [any more] but there used to be.
| exist neg | but | impf exist |
115 (d) [2:43] Baking plates. Baking plates.
| baking.dish pl m | baking.dish pl m |
116 (a) Huh!
| excl |
117 (d) [2:44] Didn’t we used to make such baking plates out of clay?
| disc | baking.dish pl m | interr | make 1pl impf | from | soil sg f |
118 (d) [2:47] And when you put it on the burner upside down to heat it white hot,
| and | disc | fut | acc m 3sg clt | turn.bottom.down 2sg pres P | on | fire sg m def | comp | scorch 3sg pres P | comp | scorch 3sg pres P |
119 (d) [2:51] and then you turn it over and put the bread on it to bake.
| and | then adv | fut | turn 2sg pres P | fut | put 2sg pres P | bread sg m def | and | fut | acc refl clt | bake 3sg pres P |
120 (d) [2:55] You cover it. We had a lid for on top. You heat the lid
| fut | cover 2sg pres P | and | lid sg m | above adv | have 1pl impf I | heat.up 2sg pres P | and | lid sg m def |
121 (d) [2:58] on the wood flame, and cover [the bread]. That’s for pans.
| with | wood pl n | cover 2sg pres P | and | thus med adv | in | pan pl f |
122 (a) [3:02] We’ve baked [bread] in pans, but we haven’t baked [it] on baking slabs.
| in | pan pl f | 1pl pres aux clt | bake pl L.part I | but | in | baking.dish pl m | neg | 1pl pres aux clt | bake pl L.part I |
123 (d) [3:05] And I used to bake with corn flour. We used to call that “bŭklenik” (cornbread).
| disc | nom 1sg | bake 1sg impf I | corn sg n adj | flour sg n | thus med adv | cornbread pl m | call 1pl impf I |
124 (GK) What did you call it?
| what sg n interr | call 2pl impf I |
125 (b) [3:10] Corn [flour].
| corn sg n adj |
126 (d) [3:10] “Bŭklenik” – only from corn.
| cornbread sg m | from | corn sg f | only adv |
127 (c) [3:12] Only corn.
| only adv | corn sg f |
128 (a) [3:13] Only corn flour.
| only adv | corn sg n adj | flour sg n |
129 (b) [3:13] [With] only corn flour it comes out very sweet.
| only adv | corn sg n adj | flour sg n | become 3sg pres I | very adv | tasty sg m adj |
130 (a) [3:15] Corn [flour]
| corn sg n adj |
131 (b) [3:15] Bread from corn [flour] is really nice.
| very adj | 3sg pres cop clt | nice sg m adj | bread sg m def | from | corn sg f |
132 (d) [3:17] And we used to bake that in these –
| thus med adv | and | bake 1pl impf I | in | such pl adj |
133 (b) [3:18] Especially [nice] when it’s warm.
| when inter.rel | 3sg pres cop clt | warm sg m adj | especially adv | very adv |
134 (d) [3:19] in something this size, like this little earthenware dish here.
| ost | this.size sg m adj | ost | like | this sg n med adj | earthen sg n adj | dish sg n |
135 (b) [3:21] [unintelligible]
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136 (GK) Uh huh. And did you cover it with something, or not?
| bkch | cover 2pl impf I | interr clt | acc m 3sg clt | with | something sg n | or | not |
137 (b) [3:24] No.
| no |
138 (d) [3:25] We cover it with – there’s a lid ….
| cover 1pl pres P | acc m 3sg clt | with | pres exist | lid sg m |
139 (b) [3:27] A lid ...
| lid sg m |
140 (d) [3:27] … of some sort.
| such sg m adj | one sg m adj |
141 (b) [3:28] … made out of iron. [They covered things] with a lid …
| iron sg n adj | make sg n P.part P | thus med adv | with | cover sg m |
142 (d) [3:31] [Of] iron.
| iron sg n |
143 (d) [3:31] And it heats up on the burner …
| and | nom m 3sg | acc refl clt | heat.up 3sg pres I | on | fire sg m def |
144 (a) [3:32] … of cast iron, with a handle.
| from | heavy sg n adj | iron sg n | dat refl clt | pres exist | handle sg f |
145 (d) [3:34] … and you cover it
| and | cover 2sg pres P | acc m 3sg clt |
146 (a) [3:36] and it heats up
| and | acc refl clt | heat.up 3sg pres I |
147 (d) [3:36] and that’s how we used to bake.
| and | thus med adv | bake 1pl impf I |