Sŭrnica 3

yes

13 (c) [0:17] Yes, indeed.

təkà

thus med adv

3sg pres cop clt

съм

14 (MM) The one who’s at the very end, he’s – How do you call him?

this sg m adj

who sg m adj

3sg pres cop clt

most

at.end adv

nom m 3sg

3sg pres cop clt

how interr

dat m 3sg clt

call 2pl pres I

acc m 3sg

15 (MM) “post-“ ? Some places they call that “postadzhijka”.

[...]

[...]

hes

somewhere adv

acc 3pl clt

call 3pl pres I

lead.reaper sg f def

16 (MM) She decides how broad [the reaping swath] is going to be.

nom f 3sg

determine 3sg pres I

how.much interr

comp

be 2sg pres P

wide sg n adj

17 (c) [0:27] [The way] we would do it, each one [did] as much as –

nom 1pl

dat refl clt

drive 1pl impf I

who sg m interr adj

how.much rel

dat refl clt

18 (MM) “Chakum”? Do you call [that section] when they line up, a “chakum”?

lane sg m

interr clt

lane sg m

interr clt

dat m 3sg clt

call 2pl pres I

when conj

acc refl clt

arrange 3pl pres P

19 (b) [0:33] No, nothing [like that].

pres neg exist

20 (MM) Nothing like that.

pres neg exist

such pl adj

21 (c) [0:34] “Puosta” – we used to say “puosta”.

lane sg f

nom 1pl

say 1pl impf P

lane sg f

22 (b) [0:36] One “puosta”.

one sg f adj

lane sg f

23 (c) [0:37] One “puosta”, one field, and off you go.

one sg f adj

lane sg f

one sg f adj

field sg f

and

hort

24 (MM) Ah, that’s more like it.

disc

disc

this sg n adj

already adv

3sg pres cop clt

25 (c) [0:39] And each reaper will do the reaping, and put [the cuttings] into sheaves.

and

each sg m adj

reaper sg m

dat refl clt

reap 3sg pres I

and

dat refl clt

put 3sg pres I

sheaf pl m

26 (c) [0:43] He makes a cord [from the stalk], makes a sheaf, and ties it up.

make 3sg pres I

dat refl clt

rope sg n

sheaf sg m

dat refl clt

make 3sg pres I

and

dat refl clt

acc m 3sg clt

tie 3sg pres P

27 (MM) Yes.

yes

28 (c) [0:47] He ties it up, then makes another cord, and

tie 3sg pres P

acc m 3sg clt

again adv

make 3sg pres I

other sg n adj

rope sg n

and

29 (c) [0:49] goes back to reap. There’s nobody [else to do it], you’re the one.

fut

walk 3sg pres I

comp

reap 3sg pres I

disc

pres neg exist

who sg m interr

disc

nom 2sg

2sg pres cop clt

30 (c) [0:52] [The responsibility] on your shoulders. [So] you hurry …

hes

acc 2sg

dat refl clt

3sg pres cop clt

head sg f def

fut

hurry 2sg pres I

31 (MM) Huh.

xɤ̀

bkch

ха

32 (c) [0:55] … [because] if it starts to rain your bundle has to be tied so you can pile it up ...

zəletì

precipitate 3sg pres P

interr clt

rain sg m

must pres imprs

comp

3sg pres cop clt

tie sg n P.part P

and

comp

acc m 3sg clt

store 2sg pres P

33 (c) [0:57] so you [can] pull it together ...

comp

acc m 3sg clt

gather 2sg pres I

34 (b) [0:59] ... and get it covered.

comp

acc refl clt

cover 3sg pres P

35 (c) [0:59] ... so it doesn’t get rained on.

comp

acc m 3sg clt

neg

rain 3sg pres I

rain sg m def

36 (MM) Yes.

yes

37 (c) [1:01] [Otherwise] it’s a drenched mess, all over the place.

umòkrenu

moisten sg n P.part P

such sg n med adj

disperse sg n P.part P

развържа

38 (MM) [1:03] Mm.

bkch

39 (c) [1:04] Until you manage to dry it out, you make sure not to scatter it all over the ground.

disc

until

acc m 3sg clt

dry 2sg pres P

and

keep 2sg pres I

comp

neg

scatter 2sg pres P

along

earth sg f def

40 (MM) Yes.

yes

41 (c) [1:08] You’ve got to watch over it.

must pres imprs

comp

acc m 3sg clt

keep 3sg pres I

42 (MM) And did wheat used to grow here too?

and

hes

here adv

become 3sg imprs

and

wheat sg f adj

43 (c) [1:12] It did, a little.

become 3sg impf I

little adv

44 (b) [1:13] [People] used to plant only a very small amount of wheat.

very adv

little adv

sow 3pl impf I

wheat sg f

45 (c) [1:14] Very little wheat.

very adv

little adv

wheat sg f

46 (c) [1:14] [Only] in the very best fields.

most

nice pl def adj

field pl f

where rel

3pl pres cop clt

47 (c) [1:16] Mostly [it was] rye.

majority sg n def

rye sg f

48 (d) [1:17] Rye grows [here].

rye sg f

become 3sg pres I

49 (MM) Mostly rye [then].

more adv

rye sg f

50 (c) [1:18] They used to plant rye …

rye sg f

dat refl clt

sow 3pl impf

51 (b) [1:19] [People] used to plant rye and oats, for the livestock …

rye sg f

and

oats sg m

sow 3pl impf I

for

livestock sg f def

52 (c) [1:20] … and they used to plant oats, and there was a bit of barley as well …

and

oats sg m

sow 3pl impf I

and

barley sg m

something sg n

acc m 3sg clt

exist impf

53 (c) [1:23] … and they put a little barley in [too].

barley sg m

little adv

thus med adv

put 3pl pres I

54 (c) [1:24] … a little [of that] grew.

become 3sg impf I

little adv

55 (b) [1:25] Barley and – and a little bit of wheat.

barley sg m

and

wheat sg f

little adv

56 (c) [1:27] [Just] a little grew.

little adv

become 3sg impf I

57 (MM) So mostly you made bread out of …

mean 3sg pres I

more adv

bread sg m

2pl pres aux clt

make pl L.part I

from

58 (b) [1:29] [It was] rye [bread].

rɤ̀ž’ən

rye sg m adj

ръжен

59 (MM) … rye. Rye bread.

rye sg f

rye sg m adj

bread sg m

60 (c) [1:31] Rye bread.

rye sg m adj

bread sg m

61 (MM) Yes.

yes

62 (c) [1:33] Rye bread.

rye sg m adj

bread sg m

63 (MM) So, this thing they call corn, do you here –

hes

disc

this sg n adj

corn sg m

rel

dat m 3sg clt

call 3pl pres I

nom 2pl

here adv

64 (b) [1:37] No.

n’è

65 (MM) did you plant that here?

sèexte

sow 2pl impf I

сея

interr clt

ли

66 (c) [1:38] It doesn’t grow.

neg

stànvə

become 3sg pres I

ставам

67 (b) [1:39] It doesn’t grow here.

here adv

neg

become 3sg pres I

68 (c) [1:39] Nope.

ˀəˀə

disc

69 (b) [1:40] They even put [some] in the yard

even adv

and

around

yard pl n def

put 3pl impf I

70 (b) [1:41] in order to boil some up while it’s still green …

for

thus med adv

for

for

green sg n adj

comp

dat refl clt

boil 3pl pres P

71 (c) [1:43] In the place where we –

disc

nom 1pl

where rel

1pl pres aux clt

72 (b) [1:43] … [but] it just doesn’t grow.

and

neg

become 3sg pres I

already adv

73 (c) [1:44] Where we planted it …

nom 1pl

where rel

1pl pres aux clt

acc m 3sg clt

put pl L.part P

74 (b) [1:46] It doesn’t want to grow.

neg

want 3sg pres I

comp

become 3sg pres I

75 (c) [1:46] … we do get something, but we pull it out [while it’s still green].

something sg n

thus med adv

but

disc

thus med adv

fut

dat refl clt

acc n 3sg clt

drag.off 1pl pres P

76 (b) [1:48] For three years now nothing has grown fully.

now adv

three

year pl f

neg

3sg pres aux clt

become sg n L.part P

77 (c) [1:49] The calf will eat it all up.

fut

acc n 3sg clt

eat 3sg pres P

calf sg n def

78 (b) [1:50] Uh huh.

əhɤ̀

bkch

аха

79 (c) [1:51] It doesn’t grow, doesn’t [get to be] grain.

neg

become 3sg pres I

grain sg m

neither

grasp 3sg pres I

80 (MM) [1:53] Yes.

yes

81 (c) [1:53] Eh!

disc

82 (MM) Huh.

xɤ̀

disc

83 (b) [1:55] It doesn’t work.

neg

vərvì

walk 3sg pres I

вървя

84 (MM) It can’t! How [could it]? [It’s a] very short summer [here].

disc

neg exist

hes

how interr

very adv

short sg n adj

summer sg n def

85 (b) [1:59] And it’s high up.

and

visòk

high sg m adj

висок

3sg pres cop clt

съм

86 (d) [2:00] Our [summer] is short, very short.

little sg n adj

little sg n adj

dat 1pl clt

3sg pres cop clt

87 (b) [2:01] We’re at 3,600 feet altitude.

high adv

1pl pres cop clt

thousand sg f

and

two.hundred

88 (c) [2:02] Our summer is very short now.

little sg n adj

dat 1pl clt

3sg pres cop clt

summer sg n def

now adv

89 (d) [2:03] It’s only in August that we have [unintelligible].

only adv

August sg m

month sg m

have 1pl pres I

90 (c) [2:04] Look at the way the beans look now –

sà

now adv

сега

kəkɤ̀ftu

what.kind sg m rel adj

dat 1pl clt

3sg pres cop clt

beans sg m def

now adv

91 (c) [2:05] they haven’t bloomed yet. If we had one [more] summer,

neg

bloom 3sg pres I

still adv

one sg n adj

summer sg n

comp

pres exist

92 (b) [2:07] [laughter]

[...]

93 (c) [2:08] then they’d ripen. But we don’t. The snow will come [any day] now!

then med adv

fut

become 3sg pres P

but

neg exist

now adv

fut

begin 3sg pres P

snow sg m def

94 (b) [2:11] Yet another Sŭrnitsa summer! [laughter]

still adv

one sg n adj

of.Sŭrnitsa sg n adj

summer sg n

95 (c) [2:13] Huh!

hɤ̀

excl

ха

96 (MM) No – surely there must be kinds [of plants] that are more –

surely adv

pres exist

variety pl m

which pl rel adj

3pl pres cop clt

97 (c) [2:15] Before long we’ll be buried in ash (= snow)!

still adv

little adv

and

fut

acc 1pl clt

bury.in.ash 3sg pres P

запепеля

98 (b) [2:17] And how!

disc

how interr

99 (MM) – kinds that [grow] in shorter time periods –

short sg n adj

time sg n def

variety pl m def

100 (c) [2:19] One month. Just do the math, one month …

one sg m adj

month sg m

make sg imv I

dat n 3sg clt

calculation sg f

one sg m adj

month sg m

101 (b) [2:22] Well, you know, spring comes late.

adrs

late adv

3sg pres cop clt

spring sg f def

102 (c) [2:22] ... [is all] we have that we don’t [need to] light a fire here.

have 1pl pres I

rel

comp

neg

light 1pl pres I

fire sg m

here adv

103 (d) [2:25] Very little.

màlku

little adv

малко

104 (c) [2:25] And the whole rest [of the time] …

sè

all adv

все

ustànəlùtu

remain sg n def L.part P

остана

jə

ost

105 (b) [2:27] And this is the month of August.

this sg m prox adj

month sg m

August sg m

106 (c) [2:28] … you’re wrapped up in quilts and blankets …

with

quilt sg m def

with

blanket pl n

acc refl clt

wind 2sg pres I

107 (b) [2:30] Last month …

past sg m def adj

month sg m

108 (c) [2:30] … and even still you’re too cold to sleep.

and

dat 2sg clt

3sg pres cop clt

cold sg n adj

comp

dat refl clt

sleep 2sg pres I

109 (c) [2:31] … was rainy and cold.

3sg impf cop

rainy sg n adj

and

cold sg n adj

110 (MM) Really?

takà

thus adv

interr clt

ли

111 (c) [2:33] Ah, cold! The cold [weather] will begin, and what’s the point of keeping a garden?

excl

cold sg n adj

fut

begin 3sg pres P

cold sg f

disc

what sg n interr

fut

keep 2sg pres I

nom 2sg

garden sg f

112 (MM) Hm.

bkch

113 (c) [2:38] Nothing will ever ripen.

nothing sg n

neg

ripen 3sg pres I

114 (MM) No, there are some sorts of earlier [blooming plants] –

pres exist

some.kind pl adj

early pl adj

115 (c) [2:41] It’s so painful to go [see] what you’ve planted and dug

thus med adv

torment sg f def

dat refl clt

dat 2sg clt

go 3sg pres P

what sg n inter.rel

2sg pres aux clt

sow sg n L.part I

what sg n inter.rel

2sg pres aux clt

[...]

dig sg n L.part I

116 (c) [2:44] [and know] that nothing’s going to come of it.

and

there adv

fut neg

nothing sg n

comp

become 3sg pres P

117 (b) [2:47] Mm.

bkch

118 (MM) And did you have the kind of holidays [that] they observe in some villages,

disc

have 2pl impf I

interr clt

nom 2pl

one pl adj

holiday pl m

around

some pl adj

village pl n

[ ... ]

keep 3pl pres I

119 (MM) [where] they refrain from doing so-called women’s work ...

neg

acc refl clt

work 3sg pres I

hes

such sg f adj

feminine sg f adj

work sg f

120 (b) [2:55] Hm.

bkch

121 (MM) ... so that the mice won’t …

mouse pl f def

comp

neg

122 (b) [2:57] That’s [maybe] on St. George’s day.

this sg n med adj

St.George’s.Day sg m

123 (MM) … so they won’t …

на

comp

neg

124 (c) [2:59] Huh!

hɤ̀

excl

ха

125 (MM) … get into [your] clothing or take over the houses.

fall 3pl pres I

clothing pl f def

and

comp

neg

attack 3pl pres P

house pl f def

126 (c) [3:02] [No,] we’ve never observed anything [of the sort].

nothing sg n

neg

1pl pres aux clt

keep pl L.part I

127 (MM) You don’t have such a holiday.

not.have 2pl pres I

such sg m adj

holiday sg m

128 (c) [3:04] We haven’t – there’s no –

nothing sg n

neg

1pl pres aux clt

pres neg exist

dat refl clt

129 (MM) Or so that wolves [won’t] attack …

wolf pl m def

comp

attack 3pl pres P

130 (c) [3:06] We haven’t –

nothing sg n

neg

1pl pres aux clt

131 (MM) … the sheep.

ofcète

sheep pl f def

овца

132 (d) [3:08] No, no, we do [have that]. That’s St. George’s day, you mustn’t touch either ...

this sg n med adj

3sg pres cop clt

this sg n med adj

St.George’s.day sg m

comp

acc refl clt

neg

touch 3sg pres I

neither

133 (b) [3:10] Umhm.

mhm

bkch

134 (d) [3:10] ... a spinning wheel or scissors …

spinning.wheel sg m

neither

scissors pl.t

135 (b) [3:11] or scissors.

neither

scissors pl.t

136 (MM) Ah! Ah! That’s it.

excl

excl

ost

this sg n med adj

3sg pres cop clt

137 (d) [3:13] … or a needle, so that no snakes will come into view …

neither

needle sg f

for

snake pl f

comp

neg

acc refl clt

see 3pl pres I

138 (b) [3:14] Ah, that’s right.

à

disc

təkà

thus med adv

139 (d) [3:15] … on St. George’s day.

St.George’s.day sg m

140 (b) [3:16] On St. George’s day …

St.George’s.day sg m

141 (MM) What sort of custom was there?

what.kind sg m adj

custom sg m

impf exist

142 (b) [3:17] … on May sixth.

sixth sg m adj

May sg m

143 (b) [3:18] Well, I observe that too.

and

nom 1sg

dat refl clt

acc m 3sg clt

keep 1sg pres I

both

acc m 3sg

144 (MM) So, well – please repeat this for me so,

mean 3sg pres I

hort

hort

acc 1sg clt

acc m 3sg clt

repeat sg imv P

comp

comp

acc m 3sg clt

145 (MM) so we can record this. What is it you don’t touch on St. George’s day?

comp

record 1pl pres P

this sg n adj

St.George’s.Day sg m

what sg n interr

neg

acc refl clt

touch 3sg pres I

146 (c) [3:26] [laughter] Needle, scissors

needle sg f

scissors pl.t

147 (d) [3:29] You don’t touch either needle or thread so that you won’t see snakes.

needle sg f

and

thread sg m

neg

acc refl clt

touch 3sg pres I

comp

neg

acc refl clt

see 3pl pres I

snake pl f

148 (MM) Ahh.

ɤ̀

disc

149 (d) [3:33] You don’t touch scissors so that there won’t –

and

scissors pl.t

neg

acc refl clt

touch 3sg pres I

comp

neg

acc refl clt

150 (d) [3:35] so that wolves won’t catch the sheep while they are grazing.

comp

neg

wolf sg m

wolf pl m

comp

neg

catch 3sg pres I

sheep pl f def

when conj

graze 3pl pres I

151 (c) [3:38] You mustn’t leave scissors open.

must pres imprs

comp

comp

neg

leave 2sg pres P

open pl P.part P

scissors pl.t def

152 (MM) Right.

taka

thus adv

153 (c) [3:42] They have to stay closed and remain untouched.

comp

3pl pres cop clt

close pl P.part P

and

comp

acc 3pl clt

neg

touch 3pl pres I

154 (d) [3:43] If we have a loom we don’t weave, and if we have a wheel for spinning

loom sg m

when conj

have 1pl pres I

neg

weave 1pl pres I

when conj

have 1pl pres I

spinning.wheel sg m

comp

spin 1pl pres I

155 (d) [3:46] we don’t spin either.

again adv

neg

spin 1pl pres I

156 (c) [3:48] We [mustn’t] spin, we [must] wait.

comp

neg

spin 1pl pres I

comp

wait 1pl pres I

157 (d) [3:49] They make swings; they swing and sing.

swing pl f

acc refl clt

make 3pl pres I

swing 3pl pres I

acc refl clt

sing 3pl pres I

158 (b) [3:50] You don’t touch eggs.

egg pl n

acc refl clt

neg

touch 3pl pres I

159 (c) [3:52] Eggs –

jəcà

egg pl n

яйце

160 (b) Some people don’t touch [them] on St. George’s day.

some pl adj

without

comp

touch 2pl pres I

St.George’s.day sg m

161 (c) [3:55] You shouldn’t even touch eggs. [If you do] something will happen to the livestock

egg pl n

neg

must pres I imprs

comp

neg

touch 2sg pres I

become sg n L.part I

3sg pres aux clt

livestock sg f def

162 (c) [3:59] Something like eggs [appearing] in – in their udders.

become sg n L.part I

something sg n

egg n

udder sg n def

thus med adv

163 (MM) Ah, in the udder.

disc

udder sg n def

164 (c) [4:04] You can’t touch the udder, you can’t milk them [because]

udder sg m def

neg

can 2sg pres I

comp

touch 2sg pres I

neg

can 2sg pres I

comp

milk 2sg pres I

165 (c) [4:07] they’ll get sick and all these [ills] will stick around [until] next [year’s] St. George’s day.

fut

acc f 3sg clt

hurt 3sg pres I

other sg m def adj

St.George’s.day sg m

this sg n med adj

thing sg n

fut

sit 3sg pres I

166 (MM) Ahhh.

ɤ̀

bkch

167 (c) [4:13] That’s [only] for the ones who observe it, but how should I know about those who don’t?

disc

this sg n med adj

who sg m rel adj

acc m 3sg clt

keep 3sg pres I

but

who sg m rel adj

neg

keep 3sg pres I

where interr

comp

know 1sg pres I

168 (c) [4:16] There were all sorts of [customs] everywhere,

everything sg n adj

exist impf

everywhere adv

169 (MM) Yes, yes.

yes

yes

170 (c) [4:18] Some observed it, some didn’t.

and

čùvaà

keep 3pl impf I

чувам

and

not