Bela 1

Bela1.new_.mp3

1 (VZh) What do you grow in the garden?

and

what sg n interr

look 2pl pres I

garden sg f def

2 (a) [0:03] Tomatoes, peppers, this [and that].

tomato pl m

pepper sg m

this sg n adj

3 (VZh) In the old days you probably irrigated from the river or such.

time sg n def

from

river sg f def

surely adv

2pl pres aux clt

water pl L.part I

what sg n interr

pres exist

interr clt

4 (a) [0:11] There was – we had gardens by the pump station, transplanted everything there.

disc

exist impf

there adv

where inter.rel

pumping sg f def adj

station sg f

have 1pl impf I

garden pl f

and

there adv

[...]

transplant 1pl impf I

разсаждам

sìčki

all pl adj

всички

5 (a) [0:18] Mine, then yours, two hundred meters’ [long], all in a row –

my sg n def adj

and

your sg n def adj

and

[...]

in.order adv

two.hundred

meter ct m

there adv

6 (a) [0:22] maybe a bit less – and we planted peppers there, and irrigated them.

how.much inter.rel

little adv

and

there adv

plant 1pl impf I

pepper sg m def

there adv

water 1pl impf I

7 (a) [0:28] [but] here we only planted potatoes. Then there was that garden below

here adv

only adv

potato pl m

plant 1pl impf I

and

after adv

below adv

that sg f adj

garden sg f

8 (a) [0:35] [belonging] to some cousins in Velingrad. They don’t come here anymore,

one pl adj

our pl adj

cousin pl m

Velingrad place sg m

nom 3pl

neg

come 3pl pres I

already adv

here adv

9 (a) [0:41] They went lame and said “You take it and work it.” So I did, as long as I could,

go.lame 3pl aor I

call 3pl pres I

take sg imv P

acc n 3sg clt

and

acc n 3sg clt

work sg imv I

nom 1sg

until conj

can 1sg impf I

acc n 3sg clt

work 1sg impf I

10 (a) [0:45] but now I’ve lost my strength, and I’ll probably be letting it go.

but

now adv

all adv

1sg pres aux clt

give.out sg f L.part P

baggage sg m def

fut

acc n 3sg clt

leave 1sg pres P

probably adv

11 (b) [0:51] I’ve been hearing that for five years [now].

this sg n adj

acc n 3sg clt

listen 1sg pres I

five

year f pl

12 (VZh) Hm.

bkch

13 (a) [0:54] [laughter]

[laughter]

[…]

14 (b) [0:54] It’s the fifth year I’ve heard this.

this sg n adj

acc n 3sg clt

listen 1sg pres I

fifth sg f adj

year f sg

15 (VZh) [laughter]

[laughter]

[…]

16 (a) [0:56] I keep [meaning] to leave it, but –

all adv

all adv

acc n 3sg clt

leave 1sg pres I

again adv

17 (VZh) You keep on working it!

and

all adv

acc n 3sg clt

work 2sg pres I

18 (a) [0:58] Well yes. It’s flat down there, as opposed to here [where] Plamen planted

disc

yes

disc

and

nom n 3sg

down adv

flat adv

otherwise adv

here adv

Plamen sg m name

plant 3sg aor P

19 (a) [1:03] vineyards along the hillside. It’s flat below, so [that’s where] I grow tomatoes,

end sg m def

vineyard sg n

slope sg m def

below adv

flat adv

and

plant 1sg pres P

tomato pl m

20 (a) [1:09] a few peppers, and that’s it.

pepper pl f

little adv

and

this sg n adj

3sg pres cop clt

21 (AK) When I was little I remember that when my grandmother and grandfather –

when rel

1sg impf cop

little sg m adj

remember 1sg pres P

that conj

simply adv

grandmother sg f

dat 1sg clt

and

grandfather sg m

22 (AK) – that grass was a big problem because nothing grew –

and

there adv

[...]

grass sg f

3sg impf cop

big sg m adj

problem sg m

because conj

simply adv

nothing sg n

neg

[...]

23 (AK) Nothing grew.

nothing sg n

neg

grow 3sg pres I

24 (a) [1:23] Yes, yes. It grows.

yes

yes

nom sg n

grow 3sg pres P

25 (AK) Only – only grass [would grow] because –

only adv

only adv

[...]

only adv

grass sg f

because

26 (a) [1:25] Grass.

trèva

grass sg f

трева

27 (AK) And what – what do you do with the grass?

and

what sg n interr

[...]

do 2pl pres I

with

grass sg f

28 (a) [1:28] Well, Plamen sprayed, he bought a mowing machine, we mow it, toss it, burn it.

è

disc

and

Plamen sg m name

spray 3sg pres I

buy sg m L.part P

3sg pres aux clt

mower sg f

mow 1pl pres I

throw 1pl pres I

burn 1pl pres I

29 (a) [1:34] Earlier we used to gather the grass for the animals, but now –

one.time adv

grass sg f def

1pl pres aux clt

gather pl L.part I

for

animal pl n def

but

now adv

30 (AK) But now they don’t gather it.

and

now adv

neg

gather 3pl pres I

31 (a) [1:40] [Now] there aren’t animals.

pres neg exist

animal pl n

32 (AK) No.

nèma

pres neg exist

няма

33 (a) [1:42] I’ve got five – seven hens, and that’s it. Our entire holdings!

have 1sg pres I

five

[...]

seven

hen pl f

this sg n adj

3sg pres cop clt

entire sg n def adj

property sg n

34 (b) [1:46] And she knows them all by name.

and

acc 3pl clt

know 3sg pres I

by.name adv

35 (a) [1:48] When I retired, and the old man was alone here,

when conj

acc refl clt

pension.off 1sg aor I

and

old.man sg m

hes

old.man sg m def

3sg impf cop

alone sg m adj

remain sg m L.part P

here adv

36 (a) [1:54] already ill and unable. They pensioned my husband off just before the changes,

already adv

ill sg m adj

neg

can 3sg pres I

husband sg m def

dat 1sg clt

acc m 3sg clt

pension.off 3sg aor I

this sg n adj

3sg impf cop

beside

change sg m def

37 (a) [2:00] he retired young and came here, alas. I was still working,

and

nom m 3sg

acc refl clt

pension.off 3sg aor I

young sg m adj

come 3sg aor P

here adv

excl

nom 1sg

still adv

work 3sg impf I

38 (a) [2:07] I’d come Friday evening because I was on a five-day schedule. So on Saturday –

come 1sg pres P

dat refl clt

Friday sg m

evening sg f def

because

five.day sg f adj

when inter.rel

Saturday sg f

39 (a) [2:12] [he said] “You know, I got hired as a shepherd.” “Ah, my God,

excl

know 2sg pres I

interr clt

that conj

1sg pres aux clt

acc refl clt

hire.out sg m L.part P

for

shepherd sg m

adrs

how interr

God voc sg m

40 (a) [2:16] what kind of a shepherd will you be?” A man there had given him

what.kind sg m adj

shepherd sg m

fut

be 2sg pres P

nom 2sg

adrs

there adv

one sg m adj

person sg m

dat n 3sg clt

give sg m L.part P

41 (a) [2:20] a ewe and a lamb [and asked him] to take his turn

one f sg adj

sheep sg f

and

lamb sg n

comp

dat n 3sg clt

go 3sg pres I

turn sg m def

42 (a) [2:24] as shepherd for the sheep, because that one [was] old

nə

на

[…]

for

sheep pl f def

for

shepherd sg m

because conj

that sg m adj

old sg m adj

43 (a) [2:27] and couldn’t [manage]. So he gave him that ewe and the lamb.

and

neg

не

mòže

can 3sg pres I

мога

and

dat m 3sg clt

give sg m L.part P

this sg f med adj

sheep sg f

and

lamb sg n def

44 (a) [2:31] Fine. I came the following Sunday and that ewe had birthed twins

good adv

come 1sg aor P

other sg f def adj

Sunday sg f

this sg f adj

sheep sg f

sg f L.part cop

have sg f L.part I

twin pl n

45 (a) [2:38] He bought the other lamb too, so it wouldn’t be just one lamb,

nom m 3sg

buy sg m L.part P

and

other sg n def adj

lamb sg n

comp

neg

3sg pres cop clt

lamb sg n def

alone sg n

46 (a) [2:40] so there’d be two lambs, with the ewe out on rounds and the lamb home bleating.

comp

3pl pres cop clt

two n

lamb ct m

because conj

sheep sg f def

shift sg f def

there adv

lamb sg n def

home adv

bleat 3sg pres I

47 (a) [2:46] So he made it two. I came, and he went on Thursday to market

two n

breed 3sg aor P

this sg n adj

come 1sg pres P

dat refl clt

go sg m L.part P

Thursday sg m

market sg m

48 (a) [2:52] and bought four piglets. Not one, not – but four! And tiny.

and

buy sg m L.part P

four

pig pl n

not

one sg n adj

not

four

nom 3pl

tiny pl adj

49 (a) [2:57] Two of them died, two remained. And after that he never bought pigs again.

nom 3pl

two n

die 3pl aor P

two n

remain 3pl aor P

and

from.then adv

already adv

neg

buy 3sg pres I

nom m 3sg

pig sg n

50 (a) [3:03] I go. “You go and buy a pig!” “Well, what am I going to do?” he said –

nom 1sg

go 1sg pres I

nom 2sg

go sg imv P

and

buy sg imv P

pig sg n

disc

what sg n interr

comp

do 1sg pres I

call 3sg pres I

51 (a) [3:08] he’s young and retired. “What should I do? Just sit here like that

disc

nom m 3sg

young sg m adj

pensioner sg m

what sg n interr

comp

do 1sg pres I

comp

sit 1sg pres I

here adv

disc

thus adv

52 (a) [3:11] and not have anything to do?” He came to an agreement with a cousin of mine –

comp

nothing sg n

comp

acc refl clt

neg

occupy 1sg pres I

arrange sg m L.part P

with

one f sg adj

my sg f adj

cousin sg f

53 (a) [3:16] they keep a cow – that he’d buy it and raise cows.

that pl adj

have 3pl pres I

female sg n adj

calf sg n

fut

acc n 3sg clt

buy 3sg pres P

and

raise 3sg pres I

cow sg f

54 (a) [3:20] They broke up all the collective farms then, and people got cows, sheep,

all pl def adj

then adv

demolish 3pl aor P

T.K.Z.S. pl n def

and

take 3pl aor P

disc

cow pl f

disc

sheep pl f

55 (a) [3:25] [a bit of] everything. My father-in-law wouldn’t allow it. “No way!

disc

all sg n

father.in.law sg m

dat 1sg clt

neg

give 3sg pres I

and

word sg f

comp

neg

become 3sg pres I

56 (a) [3:28] You’re not going to get [them]. We gave it all over to the collective farm,

nom 2pl

fut neg

comp

take 2pl pres I

and

1pl pres aux clt

give pl L.part P

import pl L.part P

T.K.Z.S. sg n def

57 (a) [3:32] both the cow and the heifer – No! No way.” He wouldn’t allow it.

and

cow sg f

and

heifer sg f

and

and

word sg f

comp

neg

become 3sg pres I

neg

give 3sg pres I

58 (a) [3:37] “If you want to kill me, it can’t be this way.”

if conj

want 2pl pres I

comp

acc 1sg clt

kill 2pl pres P

this sg n adj

neg

can 3sg pres I

comp

be 3sg pres P

thus adv

59 (a) [3:40] He didn’t believe that the collective farms would fail, and that things would be

nom m 3sg

neg

believe 3sg impf I

that

acc refl clt

break.up 3sg pres P

T.K.Z.S. sg n def

and

that

become 3sg pres P

60 (a) [3:44] the way they are now. So my husband bought the calf, and we’re raising it here.

what sg n inter.rel

3sg pres cop clt

now adv

and

my sg m def adj

husband sg m

take 3sg aor I

calf sg n def

fut

care 1pl pres I

acc m 3sg clt

here adv

61 (a) [3:51] He – Four years later I retired, and just when I came [home]

nom m 3sg

nom 1sg

after

four

year pl f

acc refl clt

pension.off 3sg aor I

just adv

when conj

come 1sg aor P

62 (a) [3:56] “The heifer’s big; it will [soon] be bred,” he said, “and now it will calve.”

disc

big sg f adj

heifer sg f

fut

acc refl clt

impregnate 3sg pres P

say 3sg pres P

now adv

and

fut

acc refl clt

calve 3sg pres P

63 (a) [4:02] and we’ll have milk.” Fine. They’ll make a stable. I –

and

fut

have 1pl pres I

milk sg n

good adv

and

fut

make 3pl pres I

stable sg m def

nom 1sg

64 (a) [4:06] “You’ll go pasture it.” So I’ll pasture it there

nom 2sg

fut

go 2sg pres P

comp

acc n 3sg clt

pasture 2sg pres I

comp

acc n 3sg clt

pasture 1sg pres I

there adv

65 (a) [4:09] above the railway track, at the sheepfold, as we call it. “But watch out,” he said

above

track sg f def

pen f def

dat n 3sg clt

call 1pl pres I

but

say 3sg aor P

nom 2sg

acc refl clt

keep sg imv I

66 (a) [4:13] that it doesn’t gore you, because it shakes [its head].” “Ah, but – Vanyo,

because conj

nom n 3sg

shake 3sg pres I

comp

acc 2sg clt

neg

gore 3sg pres P

adrs

excl

hes

vàn’o

Vanyo sg m name

Ваньо

67 (a) [4:21] won’t it butt me?” “It’s not going to butt you, you just –

comp

acc 1sg clt

neg

push 3sg pres P

fut neg

comp

acc 2sg clt

push 3sg pres P

nom 2sg

[...]

68 (a) [4:24] you’ll shake it with the chain.” So I lead it with the chain and it stays

with

chain sg m def

fut

shake 2sg pres I

disc

nom 1sg

acc f 3sg clt

lead 1sg pres I

with

chain sg m def

and

nom m 3sg

stand 3sg pres I

69 (a) [4:28] there on the hill. And I’ve already started to go around

ost

here adv

hill sg m def

and

nom 1sg

there adv

already adv

depart 1sg aor P

circle 1sg aor P

70 (a) [4:32] and make my way up the slope, where there’s a deep pool and swampgrass –

fut

begin 1sg pres P

upwards adv

slope sg m def

and

disc

pres exist

one sg m adj

pool sg f

such sg m adj

and

swampgrass pl f

71 (a) [4:38] a lot of grass has grown up there. And he calls from there, asking “Is it walking?”

iskàralo

produce sg n L.part P

изкарам

trevojàk

grass sg m

треволяк

and

[...]

nom m 3sg

from.here adv

call 3sg pres I

go 3sg pres I

interr clt

go 3sg pres I

ask 3sg pres I

72 (a) [4:44] And when it heard his voice, that cow pulled [me],

è

disc

and

when conj

dat m 3sg clt

hear 3sg aor P

voice sg m def

and

when conj

cut 3sg aor P

that sg f adj

cow sg f

73 (a) [4:47] And when it pulled me, I plunged into that pool

and

when conj

acc 1sg clt

cut 3sg aor P

and

nom 1sg

acc refl clt

throw 1sg aor P

that sg m adj

pool sg f

74 (a) [4:50] And there’s this green stuff there, I don’t know how you call it –

and

disc

pres exist

green sg n adj

thus sg n adj

neg

know 1sg pres

what sg n interr

acc refl clt

say 3sg pres I

75 (a) [4:54] Hey Plamen, how do you call that?

what sg n interr

adrs

Plamen voc sg m name

acc refl clt

say 3sg pres I

76 (b) [4:55] Algae, moss.

algae pl n

moss sg m

77 (a) [4:56] Moss all over, my eyeglasses flew off, I let go the cow, the heifer, and it ran off.

moss sg m

catch sg n L.part

glasses pl.t

dat 1sg clt

fly.away 3pl aor P

nom 1sg

release 1sg aor P

cow sg f def

heifer sg f def

nom f 3sg

escape 3sg aor P

78 (a) [5:03] And I was sputtering like a frog in that pool, all covered with that green.

and

nom 1sg

acc refl clt

sputter 1sg aor P

frog sg f

that sg m adj

pool sg f

and

entire sg f def adj

that sg n adj

green sg n def adj

79 (a) [5:08] No idea where my glasses are, I’m green all over, he hurries over and says

glasses pl.t

not.have 1sg pres I

where interr

acc refl clt

entire sg f def adj

1sg pres cop clt

green sg f adj

nom m 3sg

hasten 3sg pres I

call 3sg pres I

80 (a) [5:12] “Oh my!” If the chain had gotten wound around my hand it would have cut it off.

excl

if conj

3sg pres aux clt

wind sg f L.part P

chain sg m def

hand sg f def

fut

dat 1sg clt

cut.off 3sg pres P

arm sg f def

81 (a) [5:17] He came there, they pulled me out of that pool, and I went home.

[...]

come 3sg aor P

there adv

pull.out 3sg aor P

acc 1sg clt

from

that sg m adj

pool sg f

return 3sg aor P

acc refl clt

82 (a) [5:22] I washed and got changed, he took [the cow] up above and hobbled it.

dress 1sg aor P

acc refl clt

here adv

wash 1sg aor P

acc refl clt

nom m 3sg

acc f 3sg clt

lead 3sg aor P

above adv

and

acc f 3sg clt

тя

pajvanìsa

hobble 3sg aor I

пайванисам

83 (a) [5:28] And I’m sitting on a chair by it so it won’t break loose.

and

nom 1sg

sit 1sg pres I

with

chair sg m def

acc f 3sg

comp

acc refl clt

neg

pull.out 3sg pres P

84 (a) [5:31] I pasture it, sit there and wait, they did what they did

pasture 1sg pres I

sit 1sg pres I

there adv

wait 1sg pres I

nom 3pl

do 3pl aor I

here adv

what sg n inter.rel

do 3pl aor I

85 (a) [5:38] at the stable. He came and took it [after] I’d pastured it that much.

stable sg m def

come 3sg aor P

and

acc f 3sg clt

gather 3sg aor P

this sg n adj

1sg pres aux clt

acc f 3sg clt

pasture sg f L.part I

паса

86 (a) [5:41] That cow gored [people], it was horrible! And finally

gore 3sg impf I

that sg f adj

cow sg f

horror sg m

be 3sg impf I

and

end sg m def

87 (a) [5:44] it gored him as well, and we extricated him with difficulty.

and

acc m 3sg

acc m 3sg clt

gore 3sg aor P

and

with

effort sg m

acc m 3sg clt

extricate 1pl aor I

88 (a) [5:47] So we sold it. Some merchants came from the Montana region to buy it

disc

acc f 3sg clt

sell 1pl aor P

come pl L.part P

comp

acc f 3sg clt

buy 3pl pres I

one pl adj

merchant pl m

from

Montana n place

somewhere adv

89 (a) [5:54] One was bragging: “Oh, I’ve handled so many cows,

one sg m adj

ost

acc refl clt

boast 3sg pres I

excl

nom 1sg

how.many adv

cow pl f

1sg pres aux clt

drive sg m L.part I

90 (a) [5:58] and milked [them too].” He tied it to milk it and it kicked out,

and

1sg pres aux clt

milk sg m L.part I

tie 3sg impf I

acc f 3sg clt

comp

acc f 3sg clt

milk 3sg pres P

nom f 3sg

kick 3sg aor I

91 (a) [6:01] it didn’t allow him to get near. “I’ll [handle] it and [I’ll]” –

neg

give 3sg pres I

comp

draw.near 3sg pres P

acc f 3sg

nom 1sg

fut

acc n 3sg clt

and

92 (a) [6:04] he said to him, “Gosho, we can’t have this. Let’s take –”

nom m 3sg

dat m 3sg clt

call 3sg pres I

Gosho m 3sg name

hes

neg

can pres imprs

thus adv

give sg imv P

comp

take 1pl pres P

93 (a) [6:09] He had a thick club. My husband, [acting] to defend himself

nom m 3sg

carry 3sg impf I

one f sg adj

club sg f

thick sg f adj

husband sg m def

dat 1sg clt

comp

acc refl clt

defend 3sg pres I

94 (a) [6:13] from it, [said] “Don’t, don’t! Drop that club!” So he took the cow down

from

acc f 3sg

fut neg

fut neg

leave sg imv P

this sg f adj

club sg f

and

take sg m L.part P

acc f 3sg clt

below adv

95 (a) [6:19] to the center of the [old] collective farm to load it onto the truck.

where inter.rel

economy sg n def

pres exist

tall sg n adj

and

comp

acc f 3sg clt

hoist 3pl pres I

truck sg m def

96 (a) [6:23] But that cow went for him and pushed him up against a tree,

and

that sg f adj

cow sg f

when conj

acc m 3sg clt

fly.off 3sg pres P

and

acc m 3sg clt

prop 3sg aor P

one sg n adj

tree sg n

97 (a) [6:26] smack up against a cherry tree. And my husband now had this club

cherry.tree sg f def

slanted adv

and

husband sg m def

dat 1sg clt

dat refl clt

carry sg m L.part I

this sg f adj

club sg f

98 (a) [6:29] and started to beat the cow on the head with it, and it let go.

begin 3sg aor I

comp

acc f 3sg clt

beat 3sg pres I

head sg f def

and

acc m 3sg clt

leave sg f L.part P

99 (a) [6:32] And the other guy landed in the hospital, [the cow] had broken his rib.

and

and

that sg m adj

be 3sg impf I

hospital sg f

dat m 3sg clt

break sg f L.part P

one sg n adj

rib sg f

100 (AK) [laughter]

[laughter]

[…]

101 (VZh) Don’t they cut these – don’t they cut their –

neg

dat 3pl clt

interr clt

cut 3pl pres I

such pl adj

this sg n adj

neg

dat 3pl clt

interr clt

cut 3pl pres I

102 (b) [6:42] Horns?

rogìte

horn pl f def

рог

103 (VZh) Horns.

rogìte

horn pl f def

рог

104 (a) [6:43] Well, who ever [needed] that back then? You know [how it was]

disc

who sg m inter.rel

3sg pres aux clt

have sg n L.part I

this sg n adj

now adv

this sg n adj

time sg n

interr clt

know 2sg pres I

105 (a) [6:46] at the changes, how we took away the cows when we became “urban peasants”.

change sg m def

and

where inter.rel

take.away 1pl aor I

this pl adj

cow pl f

where inter.rel

become 1pl aor P

[...]

urban pl adj

peasant pl m

106 (VZh) Ah.

əh

bkch

107 (a) [6:53] There’s so much we didn’t understand.

much adv

pres exist

which sg n inter.rel

1pl pres aux clt

understand pl L.part I

разбирам

108 (VZh) Still, it could have butted him with its head.

nom f 3sg

again adv

can pres imprs

dat refl clt

acc m 3sg clt

push 3sg pres P

and

with

head sg f

surely adv

109 (a) [6:58] Well yes, because it was bad-tempered, and when –

and

yes

nom f 3sg

since conj

dat refl clt

3sg pres cop clt

bad.tempered sg n adj

dat refl clt

3sg pres cop clt

and

[...]

110 (b) [7:00] I was very much against those cows at the time,

nom 1sg

be 1sg impf I

much adv

against

this pl adj

cow pl f

then adv

111 (b) [7:03] and when they called me one evening to tell me

and

when conj

dat 1sg clt

acc refl clt

call 3pl aor P

one f sg adj

evening sg f

comp

dat 1sg clt

say 3pl pres P

112 (b) [7:05] that it had butted Dad and he’s in the hospital, I fired up the car,

that

push sg f L.part I

father sg m

here adv

and

hospital sg f

call 1sg pres I

disc

now adv

light 1sg pres I

car sg f def

113 (b) [7:10] I’m about to come, shoot the cow, return home, and go to work the next day.

come 1sg pres I

shoot 1sg pres I

cow sg f def

and

acc refl clt

return 1sg pres I

and

tomorrow adv

1sg pres cop clt

work sg f

114 (a) [7:14] But you –

but

nom 2sg

115 (VZh) But you could have skinned it and taken the meat.

but

can imprs

comp

flay 2sg pres P

and

comp

dat f 3sg clt

take 2sg pres P

meat sg n def

116 (b) [unclear]

[unclear]

[?]

117 (a) [7:16] He was – he was happy [with it] and couldn’t do anything else.

nom m 3sg

acc refl clt

nom m 3sg

acc refl clt

rejoice 3sg impf I

thus adv

hes

pres neg exist

what sg n interr

comp

do 3sg pres I

118 (a) [7:20] He went to the pen where it was and scratched it on the horns.

go 3sg pres P

pen sg f def

acc f 3sg

and

acc f 3sg clt

тя

češàl

scratch sg m L.part I

horn pl f def

119 (a) [7:24] They say he oughtn’t to have scratched it, but he

and

nom 3pl

say 3pl pres P

that

neg

3sg pres aux clt

must L.part imprs

comp

acc f 3sg clt

scratch 3sg pres I

but

nom m 3sg

120 (a) [7:26] caressed it and stroked it on the horns, and that’s why it gored [someone].

and

acc refl clt

се

radvàl

caress sg m L.part I

радвам

and

acc f 3sg clt

тя

češàl

scratch sg m L.part I

horn pl f def

and

nom f 3sg

for

this sg n adj

gore sg f L.part I

121 (b) [7:30] Hm.

həm

disc

122 (a) [7:30] Later we bought another, and it got strangled.

and

later adv

buy 1pl aor P

other sg f adj

and

one sg f adj

acc refl clt

hang 3sg aor P

123 (a) [7:34] and then another, and that one I had to sell,

and

па

à

disc

and

other sg f adj

and

this sg f adj

where inter.rel

this sg f adj

acc f 3sg clt

sell 1sg aor P

nom 1sg

124 (a) [7:40] If there’d been someone to get me hay I wouldn’t have sold it.

if conj

exist impf

who sg m inter.rel

comp

dat 1sg clt

acquire 3sg pres I

hay sg n

fut.pst neg

comp

acc f 3sg clt

give 1sg pres P

125 (a) [7:44] We had five or six cows, [but none] like that one

five

six

cow pl f

1pl pres aux clt

[...]

experience pl L.part P

this sg f adj

cow sg f

all adv

one sg n adj

126 (a) [7:49] The only [thing] it couldn’t do was speak. I go along, it comes after me,

only adv

neg

can 3sg impf I

comp

speak 3sg pres I

nom 1sg

walk 1sg pres I

and

nom f 3sg

walk 3sg pres I

after

acc 1sg

127 (a) [7:53] I don’t need to lead it or drive it. “Come on, Pepa, come this way.”

fut neg

comp

lead 1sg pres I

fut neg

comp

drive 1sg pres I

hort

Pepa voc sg f name

here adv

hort

to.here adv

128 (a) [7:57] I sit down to pasture it, and when I get up to go it comes after me.

disc

sit 1sg pres I

comp

acc f 3sg clt

pasture 1sg pres I

depart 1sg pres I

dat refl clt

nom f 3sg

depart 3sg pres I

after

acc 1sg

129 (a) [8:01] [When] I sit down to milk it, I don’t milk into the glass, I put the bucket here –

sit 1sg pres P

comp

acc f 3sg clt

milk 1sg pres I

neg

milk 1sg pres I

glass sg f

put 1sg pres P

bucket sg f def

here adv

130 (a) [8:06] It had six teats. There was milk in the fifth, [but] my husband

and

be 3sg impf I

with

six

teat pl f

from

fifth sg f def adj

exist impf

milk sg n

husband sg m def

dat 1sg clt

131 (a) [8:13] kept constant watch to not milk the fifth, to milk the four. Such a flow!

all adv

keep 3sg impf I

comp

neg

milk 3sg pres I

fifth sg f def adj

comp

dat refl clt

milk 3sg pres I

four

disc

flow 3sg pres I

132 (a) [8:17] We’d go in the morning, it’s all wet where [the cow] lay. The guy who took it

some sg m adj

time sg m

go 1pl pres I

morning sg f

disc

spill 3sg aor P

when conj

lie sg f L.part I

nom m 3sg

rel

acc f 3sg clt

take sg m L.part P

133 (a) [8:22] milked it and got thirty kilos of milk a day.

and

thirty

kilo pl n

milk sg n

3sg pres aux clt

[...]

milk sg m L.part I

day sg m

134 (VZh) A day?

на

dèn

day sg m

ден

135 (a) [8:26] A day! We also milked and got thirty kilos

day sg m

and

nom 1pl

1pl pres aux clt

milk pl L.part I

thirty

kilo pl n

dat refl clt

carry 1pl pres I

136 (a) [8:30] without additional fodder. [That cow] was greedy at pasture, a terror!

without

fodder sg f

without

very adv

be 3sg impf I

greedy sg f adj

pasture sg f

horror sg m

be 3sg impf I

137 (a) [8:35] It ate everything. My heart ached for that cow. I took it down

all sg n

eat 3sg impf I

heart sg n def

acc 1sg clt

hurt 3sg impf I

for

that sg f adj

cow sg f

take 1sg aor P

acc f 3sg clt

down adv

138 (a) [8:40] [when] it was pregnant, ready to give birth in one or two weeks.

nom f 3sg

pregnant sg f adj

after

one f sg adj

two f

week pl f

fut

acc refl clt

calve 3sg pres P

139 (a) [8:46] and then this guy came on the bus and they beat the cow so that

and

this sg m adj

come sg m L.part P

with

bus sg m

and

acc f 3sg clt

beat 3pl pres I

comp

acc f 3sg clt

140 (a) [8:51] I would lead it with a halter, because it ran off from the others.

nom 1sg

acc f 3sg clt

lead 1sg pres I

halter sg f def

because conj

nom f 3sg

from

other def pl adj

run 3sg pres I

141 (a) [8:54] They beat it to make it climb up inside but it didn’t want to.

and

acc f 3sg clt

beat 3pl pres I

comp

acc refl clt

climb 3sg pres P

inside adv

nom f 3sg

not.want 3sg pres I

142 (a) [8:57] I said, “Wait a minute, if I climb up it will come

nom 1sg

acc refl clt

say 1sg aor P

wait sg imv I

nom 1sg

fut

acc refl clt

climb 1sg pres P

nom f 3sg

fut

come 3sg pres P

143 (a) [9:00] after me.” “Oh my, it will trample you!” “How would it trample me?!”

after

acc 1sg

excl

nom f 3sg

fut

acc 2sg clt

trample 3sg pres P

how interr

fut

acc 1sg clt

trample 3sg pres P

144 (a) [9:03] Only – “Come on, Pepka, come with granny.” It knelt down onto it

only

when conj

acc f 3sg clt

[…]

hort

Pepka sg f name

hort

grandmother voc sg f

nom f 3sg

kneel 3sg aor P

this sg n adj

145 (a) [9:08] and climbed up inside.

and

acc refl clt

climb 3sg aor P

inside adv

146 (VZh) [cough]

[cough]

[ … ]

147 (a) [9:11] Then they neglected it, and the next year it gorged on wheat,

and

later adv

this sg m adj

acc f 3sg clt

neglect sg m L.part P

other sg f def adj

year f sg

and

acc refl clt

eat.fill sg f L.part P

with

wheat sg n

148 (a) [9:16] ate too much, and died.

prejàla

overeat sg f L.part P

преям

and

umrèla

die sg f L.part P

умра

149 (VZh) And the one that got strangled, how did that happen?

and

this sg f adj

how interr

acc refl clt

hang 3sg aor P

where interr

acc refl clt

hang sg f L.part P

150 (a) [9:21] Well, my husband had tied it up near the slope,

disc

disc

tie sg m L.part P

acc f 3sg clt

husband sg m def

dat 1sg clt

one sg m adj

slope sg m

151 (a) [9:27] but the grass had burned off there, and it slid down

and

disc

ost

thus adv

burn sg f L.part P

grass sg f def

and

nom f 3sg

acc refl clt

slide sg f L.part P

down adv

152 (a) [9:30] and couldn’t climb back up the slope.

and

neg

3sg pres aux clt

can sg f L.part I

comp

acc refl clt

return 3sg pres P

upwards adv

along

slope sg m def

153 (VZh) Hm.

bkch

154 (a) [9:33] It got caught in the rope and got strangled.

nom m 3sg

acc refl clt

stretch sg n L.part P

опъна

sidžìma

rope sg m def

сиджим

and

acc refl clt

се

obèsila

hang sg f L.part P

обеся

155 (VZh) Ah.

bkch

156 (a) [9:37] That’s how it was. We became peasants. Oh, those sheep!

and

thus adv

become 1pl aor P

peasant pl m

excl

God voc sg m

disc

sheep pl f

157 (a) [9:46] Five sheep, twelve or thirteen lambs – Each one had twins, some [even] three.

five

sheep pl f

twelve.thirteen

lamb pl n

all pl def adj

bear.twins pl L.part I

one f sg adj

three

158 (VZh) Hm.

bkch

159 (a) [9:52] Horrible! I bring them here and I put them in crates, it’s cold in the winter.

horror sg m

bring 1sg pres P

crate pl f

here adv

acc 3pl clt

put 1sg pres P

winter sg f def

cold adv

160 (a) [9:58] I put them in crates, and the veterinarian would come by for checkups,

put 1sg pres P

acc 3pl clt

crate pl f

disc

doctor sg m def

veterinarian sg m def adj

pass 3sg impf I

verification sg f

161 (a) [10:03] they take blood from the cows to analyze it, and look at the sheep,

take 3pl pres I

blood sg f

cow pl f def

research 3pl pres I

there adv

what sg n interr

do 3pl pres I

sheep pl f def

look 3pl pres I

[...]

162 (a) [10:08] Oh, but I’m ashamed! Look how I’ve put these –

excl

nom 1sg

acc 1sg clt

shame sg m

call 1sg pres I

hort

look sg imv I

bring sg f L.part P

1sg pres aux clt

this pl adj

[...]

163 (a) [10:12] But he said that’s how you look after livestock. But they lamb

disc

thus adv

call 3sg pres I

acc refl clt

look 3sg pres I

livestock sg f

disc

nom 3pl

acc refl clt

lamb 3pl pres I

164 (a) [10:15] for two or three days, and then two by two, tiny, wet,

for

two m

three

day ct m

two n

two n

nom n 3sg

tiny sg n adj

wet sg n adj

165 (a) [10:19] and it’s freezing cold outside, so I’ve put them in crates and kept them here.

outside adv

freeze 3sg pres I

there adv

cold adv

put sg f L.part P

1sg pres aux clt

crate pl f

and

1sg pres aux clt

acc 3pl clt

arrange sg f L.part P

наредя

tùka

here adv

тук

Main menu

You are here

Map

Participants

VZh

AK

a

b

Bela 1

1 (VZh) What do you grow in the garden?

2 (a) [0:03] Tomatoes, peppers, this [and that].

3 (VZh) In the old days you probably irrigated from the river or such.

4 (a) [0:11] There was – we had gardens by the pump station, transplanted everything there.

5 (a) [0:18] Mine, then yours, two hundred meters’ [long], all in a row –

6 (a) [0:22] maybe a bit less – and we planted peppers there, and irrigated them.

7 (a) [0:28] [but] here we only planted potatoes. Then there was that garden below

8 (a) [0:35] [belonging] to some cousins in Velingrad. They don’t come here anymore,

9 (a) [0:41] They went lame and said “You take it and work it.” So I did, as long as I could,

10 (a) [0:45] but now I’ve lost my strength, and I’ll probably be letting it go.

11 (b) [0:51] I’ve been hearing that for five years [now].

12 (VZh) Hm.

13 (a) [0:54] [laughter]

14 (b) [0:54] It’s the fifth year I’ve heard this.

15 (VZh) [laughter]

16 (a) [0:56] I keep [meaning] to leave it, but –

17 (VZh) You keep on working it!

18 (a) [0:58] Well yes. It’s flat down there, as opposed to here [where] Plamen planted

19 (a) [1:03] vineyards along the hillside. It’s flat below, so [that’s where] I grow tomatoes,

20 (a) [1:09] a few peppers, and that’s it.

21 (AK) When I was little I remember that when my grandmother and grandfather –

22 (AK) – that grass was a big problem because nothing grew –

23 (AK) Nothing grew.

24 (a) [1:23] Yes, yes. It grows.

25 (AK) Only – only grass [would grow] because –

26 (a) [1:25] Grass.

27 (AK) And what – what do you do with the grass?

28 (a) [1:28] Well, Plamen sprayed, he bought a mowing machine, we mow it, toss it, burn it.

29 (a) [1:34] Earlier we used to gather the grass for the animals, but now –

30 (AK) But now they don’t gather it.

31 (a) [1:40] [Now] there aren’t animals.

32 (AK) No.

33 (a) [1:42] I’ve got five – seven hens, and that’s it. Our entire holdings!

34 (b) [1:46] And she knows them all by name.

35 (a) [1:48] When I retired, and the old man was alone here,

36 (a) [1:54] already ill and unable. They pensioned my husband off just before the changes,

37 (a) [2:00] he retired young and came here, alas. I was still working,

38 (a) [2:07] I’d come Friday evening because I was on a five-day schedule. So on Saturday –

39 (a) [2:12] [he said] “You know, I got hired as a shepherd.” “Ah, my God,

40 (a) [2:16] what kind of a shepherd will you be?” A man there had given him

41 (a) [2:20] a ewe and a lamb [and asked him] to take his turn

42 (a) [2:24] as shepherd for the sheep, because that one [was] old

43 (a) [2:27] and couldn’t [manage]. So he gave him that ewe and the lamb.

44 (a) [2:31] Fine. I came the following Sunday and that ewe had birthed twins

45 (a) [2:38] He bought the other lamb too, so it wouldn’t be just one lamb,

46 (a) [2:40] so there’d be two lambs, with the ewe out on rounds and the lamb home bleating.

47 (a) [2:46] So he made it two. I came, and he went on Thursday to market

48 (a) [2:52] and bought four piglets. Not one, not – but four! And tiny.

49 (a) [2:57] Two of them died, two remained. And after that he never bought pigs again.

50 (a) [3:03] I go. “You go and buy a pig!” “Well, what am I going to do?” he said –

51 (a) [3:08] he’s young and retired. “What should I do? Just sit here like that

52 (a) [3:11] and not have anything to do?” He came to an agreement with a cousin of mine –

53 (a) [3:16] they keep a cow – that he’d buy it and raise cows.

54 (a) [3:20] They broke up all the collective farms then, and people got cows, sheep,

55 (a) [3:25] [a bit of] everything. My father-in-law wouldn’t allow it. “No way!

56 (a) [3:28] You’re not going to get [them]. We gave it all over to the collective farm,

57 (a) [3:32] both the cow and the heifer – No! No way.” He wouldn’t allow it.

58 (a) [3:37] “If you want to kill me, it can’t be this way.”

59 (a) [3:40] He didn’t believe that the collective farms would fail, and that things would be

60 (a) [3:44] the way they are now. So my husband bought the calf, and we’re raising it here.

61 (a) [3:51] He – Four years later I retired, and just when I came [home]

62 (a) [3:56] “The heifer’s big; it will [soon] be bred,” he said, “and now it will calve.”

63 (a) [4:02] and we’ll have milk.” Fine. They’ll make a stable. I –

64 (a) [4:06] “You’ll go pasture it.” So I’ll pasture it there

65 (a) [4:09] above the railway track, at the sheepfold, as we call it. “But watch out,” he said

66 (a) [4:13] that it doesn’t gore you, because it shakes [its head].” “Ah, but – Vanyo,

67 (a) [4:21] won’t it butt me?” “It’s not going to butt you, you just –

68 (a) [4:24] you’ll shake it with the chain.” So I lead it with the chain and it stays

69 (a) [4:28] there on the hill. And I’ve already started to go around

70 (a) [4:32] and make my way up the slope, where there’s a deep pool and swampgrass –

71 (a) [4:38] a lot of grass has grown up there. And he calls from there, asking “Is it walking?”