Georgi Kolev
Vŭglarovo 2
1 (GK) [Let’s talk about] the old days. Tell us about the old days, what you remember.
| disc | one sg n adj | time sg n | comp | tell 2sg pres P | for | for | one sg n adj | time sg n | what sg n rel | dat refl clt | recall 2pl pres I |
2 (GK) What was it like, what was there? Because when this thing records [your] speech
| how interr | 3sg pres aux clt | sg n L.part cop | what interr | 3sg pres aux clt | sg n L.part cop | because | disc | when conj | acc refl clt | record 3sg pres I | disc | speech sg m |
3 (a) [0:06] [laughter]
|
|
4 (GK) it also is asking about the old days,
| disc | acc refl clt | and | for | one sg n adj | time sg n | acc refl clt | ask 3sg pres I |
5 (a) [0:08] [laughter]
|
|
6 (GK) the old days, so to speak, before there were harvesters.
| one sg n adj | time sg n | how interr | comp | say 1pl pres P | acc refl clt | before | comp | pres exist | harvester pl m |
7 (GK) Before there were winnowers.
| before | comp | pres exist | winnower pl f |
8 (a) [0:12] How we used to work?
| how interr | 1pl pres aux clt | work pl L.part |
9 (d) [0:14] Oh!
| excl |
10 (GK) How you used to work.
| how interr | 2pl pres aux clt | work pl L.part |
11 (a) [0:14] When I tell our kids [about this] they say, “Granny, that’s not true.”
| nom 1sg | to | our pl def adj | child pl n | because | tell 1sg pres I | call 3pl pres I | grandmother voc sg f | neg | 3sg pres cop clt | true sg n adj |
12 (GK) No, really?!
| disc |
13 (d) [0:17] Oho.
| excl |
14 (a) [0:18] All day we reaped, in [these] heavy clothes,
| entire sg m adj | day sg m | 1pl pres aux clt | reap pl L.part I | with | thick pl adj | shirt pl f |
15 (c) [0:22] Eh.
| disc |
16 (a) [0:22] that rub your armpits [raw]. Mothers and grandmothers out cutting
| rub 3pl pres I | acc refl clt | this pl med adj | armpit pl f | cut 3pl pres I | grandmother pl f def | mother pl f def |
17 (a) [0:24] with sickles, cutting and reaping all day …
| sickle pl m def | and | reap 3pl pres I | entire sg m adj | day sg m |
18 (c) [0:26] Because all [our clothing] was hand-woven.
| because | 3sg impf cop | everything sg n adj | weave sg n P.part I |
19 (a) [0:27] … in the heat. You come back and there’s no place to wash [except] in the river.
| heat sg m | return 2sg pres P | acc refl clt | neg exist | where interr | comp | acc refl clt | wash 2sg pres P | in | river sg f def |
20 (a) [0:30] We go and wash, then go to bed together with ash [that didn’t get washed off].
| go 1pl pres I | wash 1pl pres P | acc refl clt | lie.down sg imv I | with | ash sg m def | everything sg n adj | together adv |
21 (c) [0:34] [laughter]
|
|
22 (a) [0:34] That’s how it was in the old days.
| thus med adv | 3sg impf cop | one sg n adj | time sg n |
23 (GK) Uh huh.
| bkch |
24 (a) [0:35] Then [in] the threshing field, all day threshing these –
| later adv | threshing.field pl m | again adv | thresh sg imv I | entire sg m adj | day sg m | this pl med adj |
25 (d) [0:37] With the threshing board [unintelligible]
| with | threshing.board sg f def |
26 (a) [0:38] You don’t remember …
| nom 2pl | neg | remember 2pl pres I | interr clt |
27 (d) [0:38] That’s how it was.
| thus med adv | 3sg pres cop clt |
28 (a) [0:39] … this [sort of] thing?
| this sg n med adj | thing sg n |
29 (GK) No, I – very vaguely. I just vaguely remember that.
| no | nom 1sg | completely adv | muddy adv | with | thus adv | vaguely adv | dat refl clt | recall 1sg pres I |
30 (a) [0:42] Ahh. All day long, the threshing boards!
| excl | entire sg m adj | day sg m | threshing board pl f def |
31 (c) [0:44] With the threshing boards.
| with | threshing board pl f |
32 (d) [0:44] How old are you?
| nom 2sg | how.many interr | years.old sg m adj | 2sg pres cop clt |
33 (GK) Well, I was [born] in [nineteen] fifty-eight …
| disc | nom 1sg | 1sg pres cop clt | fifty | and | eighth sg f adj |
34 (a) [0:46] Two boards –
| two sg f | board pl f |
35 (GK) … and he [was born] in [nineteen] sixty-two.
| nom m 3sg | sixty | and | second sg m adj |
36 (a) [0:48] two boards, and underneath flintstones hammered on,
| two sg f | board pl f | and | below adv | flintstone pl m | hammer.on pl P.part P |
37 (b) [0:49] [unintelligible] the old days.
| for | one sg n adj | time sg n |
38 (a) [0:51] and we sit at the threshing board, with oxen harnessed, and thresh all day like that
| and | thus med adv | sit 1pl pres I | at | threshing.board sg f def | ox pl m def | harness pl P.part P | and | thresh 1pl pres I | thus med adv | entire sg m adj | day sg m |
39 (a) [0:56] until the straw is all ground and [all] that turns into grain.
| until conj | comp | grind 3sg pres P | straw sg f | comp | become 3sg pres P | this sg n med adj | grain sg n |
40 (b) [0:58] You gather up a stack of straw –
| nom 2sg | comp | gather 2sg pres I | stack sg f | straw sg f def |
41 (a) [1:00] That's right.
| disc | thus med adv |
42 (b) [1:00] and winnow it by hand [unclear]
| and | winnow 2sg pres I | by | hand sg f |
43 (c) [1:01] There’s this winnower, and you winnow [with] it.
| and | winnower sg f | pres exist | and | acc n 3sg clt | winnow 3sg pres I |
44 (b) [1:02] – by hand, with a winnower
| by | hand sg f | winnower sg f def |
45 (c) [1:02] The kernels winnow out –
| winnow.out 3sg pres I | grain sg n def |
46 (a) [1:04] Again [unintelligible]
| again adv | acc refl clt |
47 (b) [1:04] It was terribly hard [work].
| big pl adj | torment pl f | 3sg impf cop | difficult adv |
48 (GK) But wait. How did you – when you go to the fields,
| but | no | how interr | dat refl clt | disc | when conj | go 2pl pres P | to | field sg f def |
49 (GK) how did you arrange yourselves? What did you have?
| how interr | acc refl clt | arrange 2pl impf I | what sg n interr | have 2pl impf I |
50 (b) [1:08] You go like this, and you reap with the sickle (we called them sickles) …
| walk 2sg pres I | thus med adv | and | reap 2sg pres I | with | sickle sg m def | sickle pl m | dat m 3sg clt | call 1pl impf I |
51 (d) [1:11] You reap! You grab a –
| with | hand sg f | reap 2sg pres I | adrs | grasp 2sg pres I | one sg m adj |
52 (b) [1:12] … all lined up.
| in | row sg m |
53 (a) [1:12] [You work] a section, you take a single bed …
| reaping.track sg m | thus med adv | grasp 2sg pres I | one sg f adj | bed sg f |
54 (d) [1:13] One section.
| one sg f adj | bed sg f |
55 (a) [1:14] … of grain. You reap, put down handfuls, go back. Then you gather [it into] sheaves
| grain sg n | and | reap 2sg pres I | and | put 2sg pres I | handful pl f | return 2sg pres P | acc refl clt | after adv | sheaf pl m | gather 2sg pres I |
56 (a) [1:18] And then you pile them by five, six sheaves, by nine …
| again adv | acc 3pl clt | pile 2sg pres I | by | five | six | sheaf ct m | nine |
57 (b) [1:20] Cruciform, like this, so they won’t get wet …
| in | cross pl m | thus med adv | comp | neg | acc 3pl clt | pour 3sg pres I/P |
58 (a) [1:21] … like this, like a cross, so they don’t take on moisture.
| thus prox adv | in | cross sg m | comp | neg | acc 3pl clt | moisten 3pl pres I | and |
59 (b) [1:24] … from the rain.
| from | rain sg m def |
60 (a) [1:24] And then we take these sheaves to the threshing floor, and put them in big piles.
| later | acc 3pl clt | lift 1pl pres I | again adv | this pl med adj | sheaf pl m | and | on | threshing.floor sg m def | lay 3pl pres I | big pl adj | pile pl f |
61 (GK) Yes.
| yes |
62 (a) [1:28] And then we would thresh.
| again adv | thresh 1pl pres I |
63 (b) [1:29] And you take [them] to the threshing floor …
| later adv | take.down 2sg pres I | disc | to | threshing.floor sg m def |
64 (GK) A threshing floor. What is this “threshing floor”?
| threshing.floor sg m def | what sg n interr | 3sg pres cop clt | this sg n adj | threshing.floor sg m def |
65 (b) [1:32] … you put [them on] the threshing floor.
| put 2sg pres I | threshing.floor sg m def |
66 (a) [1:33] Well, it’s a place.
| disc | place sg n | thus med adv |
67 (c) [1:33] A threshing floor –
| threshing.floor sg m | for |
68 (a) [1:34] Like a small encircled area, a square
| like | flat.space sg f | adrs | square sg m |
69 (b) [1:35] Listen now,
| listen sg imv I | now adv |
70 (GK) Uh huh.
| bkch |
71 (a) [1:36] It’s a big [space]. We call that a threshing area.
| big sg m adj | nom 1pl | dat m 3sg clt | call 1pl impf I | threshing.field pl m |
72 (c) [1:38] The threshing area – because it’s oval …
| threshing.field sg m | because | as | oval sg n adj | thus med adv |
73 (a) [1:39] Ah.
| disc |
74 (c) [1:40] … oval-like.
| oval sg n adj |
75 (GK) Uh huh.
| bkch |
76 (a) [1:40] And we’d lay this grain down. We lay it down like this …
| and | lay.down 1pl pres I | this sg n med adj | grain sg n | thus med adv | ost | thus med adv | acc n 3sg clt | lay.down 1pl pres I |
77 (c) [1:42] Then you begin, you untie it all
| begin 2sg pres I | after adv | and | acc refl clt | untie 3sg pres I | this sg n med adj |
78 (d) [1:44] … lined up together.
| one sg n adj | to | other sg n adj |
79 (b) [1:45] You untie the sheaves, and …
| untie 2sg pres I | sheaf pl m def | and |
80 (c) [1:45] [unintelligible] a little
| little adv |
81 (b) [1:46] … then you attach the threshing board and you drive the oxen –
| then adv | put 2sg pres P | threshing.board sg f def | and | drive.in 2sg pres P | ox pl m def |
82 (GK) Uh huh. And how do you make a threshing floor? How is it made?
| bkch | and | how interr | acc refl clt | make 3sg pres I | threshing.floor sg m | how interr | acc refl clt | make 3sg pres I |
83 (GK) Can any place become a threshing floor?
| each sg n adj | place sg n | interr clt | become 3sg pres I | threshing.floor sg m |
84 (b) [1:52] Not any place will do.
| each sg n adj | place sg n | neg | become 3sg pres I |
85 (a) [1:52] Oh no, that won’t do.
| disc | neg | become 3sg pres I |
86 (d) [1:53] Each one in his own yard.
| each sg m adj | in | yard sg m def | dat refl clt |
87 (a) [1:53] It has to be level, you have to roll it [flat].
| must pres imprs | comp | 3sg pres cop clt | flat sg n adj | and | fut | acc n 3sg clt | roll 2sg pres I |
88 (b) [1:56] Each in his own yard, each in his own yard.
| each sg m adj | in | yard sg m def | dat refl clt | each sg m adj | in | yard sg m def | dat refl clt |
89 (d) [1:56] Each one did it in his own yard.
| each sg m adj | in | yard sg m def | dat refl clt | 3sg impf cop |
90 (a) [1:57] You’ll sprinkle it with water and then [put] straw …
| water sg f | fut | acc n 3sg clt | sprinkle 2sg pres P | and | straw sg f |
91 (b) [1:59] And straw ...
| and | straw sg f |
92 (a) [1:59] … so as to roll it [flat].
| and | acc n 3sg clt | roll 2sg pres I |
93 (b) [2:00] … [is worked] with a roller. By rollers.
| and | with | roller sg n | on | roller pl n |
94 (a) [2:01] Rollers [laughter]
| roller pl n |
95 (GK) Can I ask you please to talk –
| only adv | fut | acc 2pl clt | beg 1sg pres I | comp | speak 2sg pres P |
96 (d) [2:03] where – where there – on this roller there were these pins …
| ost | where interr | ost | where interr | 3sg pres cop clt | this sg n prox adj | roller sg n | 3sg impf cop | and | pres exist | pin pl f |
97 (b) [2:05] The same one. [Pieces] of iron [that] cut.
| disc | same sg n def adj | disc | such sg n adj | something sg n | iron pl n | acc n 3sg clt | cut 3pl pres I |
98 (d) [2:06] … of iron. And then you harness up the oxen …
| iron pl adj | and | harness 2sg pres P | ox pl m def |
99 (a) That's right.
| thus med adv | 3sg pres cop clt |
100 (d) [2:10] … with a yoke. And it goes along, it rolls,
| pres exist | with | yoke sg m def | and | nom m 3sg | fut | walk 3sg pres I | acc refl clt | roll 3sg pres I |
101 (d) [2:10] and the grain –
| and | with | this sg n med adj | grain sg n def |
102 (b) [2:13] [It does this] to crush [the field] …
| fut | trample 3sg pres P |
103 (c) [It] crushes [it].
| trample 3sg pres P |
104 (b) … so it all gets flat.
| and | comp | become 3sg pres P | flat sg n |
105 (GK) … to speak one at a time? Because everything gets recorded
| comp | speak 2pl pres I | one sg m adj | after | other sg m adj | because | here adv | everything sg n adj | acc refl clt | record 3sg pres I |
106 (GK) all at once and afterwards I …
| in | pile sg m | and | nom 1sg | after adv |
107 (c) [2:18] Oh! You’re recording!
| disc | disc | nom 2sg | record 2sg pres I |
108 (GK) … and afterwards I won’t be able to …
| and | nom 1sg | after adv | neg | can 1sg pres I | comp |
109 (d) [2:19] Well, he’s recording. I – you all – Did you understand?
| disc | record 3sg pres I | nom 1sg | nom 2pl | neg | [...] | understand 2pl aor P | interr clt |
110 (GK) … and later I won’t …
| and | nom 1sg | after adv | fut neg |
111 (a) [2:21] I see it, this thing is going around. [laughter]
| nom 1sg | look 1sg pres I | this sg n med adj | acc refl clt | revolve 3sg pres I |
112 (GK) … later I won’t be able to transcribe it because when people talk
| fut neg | comp | can 1sg pres I | after adv | comp | acc n 3sg clt | take.down 1sg pres P | because | when conj | speak 3pl pres I |
113 (GK) all at once I won’t be able to understand.
| all pl def adj | and | fut neg | comp | can 1sg pres I | comp | understand 1sg pres I |
114 (a) [2:27] Well, that’s right.
| disc | disc | thus med adv | 3sg pres cop clt |
115 (c) [2:25] Now I get it, you’re recording us, and we all rushed in at once.
| disc | now adv | call 1sg pres I | that conj | acc 1pl clt | record 2sg pres I | for.this sg n med adj | acc refl clt | rush 1pl aor P | at.once adv |
116 (GK) Ah no [worry]! [laughter] There’ll be room for all [of you]! [laughter]
| disc | no | all adv | fut | pres exist | place sg n | for | all pl def adj |
117 (a) [2:34] [laughter]
|
|
118 (GK) [There’s] tape. There’s [lots of] tape! [laughter]
| tape sg f | tape sg f | pres exist |
119 (b) [2:37] [Talking] with village folk.
| with | village pl def adj | dat refl clt | people pl |
120 (d) [2:39] But I knew all along that it was recording …
| disc | nom 1sg | nom 1sg | understand 1sg aor P | that conj | record 3sg pres I | already adv |
121 (a) [2:42] Hm.
| bkch |
122 (d) [2:42] … and fell silent.
| and | dat refl clt | be.silent 1sg pres I |
123 (GK) But there’s nothing secret about it –
| disc | disc | disc | neg exist | nothing sg n | secret sg n adj | in | this sg n adj | with |
124 (d) [2:46] Hm.
| bkch |
125 (GK) Don’t [you recall] I told you I would be recording you?
| interr | dat 2sg clt | dat 2pl clt | tell 1sg aor P | that conj | fut | acc 2pl clt | record 1sg pres I |
126 (c) [2:47] So it’ll be heard, it’ll be heard, by –
| comp | acc refl clt | hear 3sg pres P | comp | acc refl clt | hear 3sg pres P | in.front.of |
127 (a) [2:49] We’re talking about how we used to do things in the old days, that’s all.
| nom 1sg | discuss 1pl pres I | what sg n interr | 1pl pres aux | experience pl L.part P | one sg n adj | time sg n | this sg n med adj | 3sg pres cop clt |
128 (c) [2:53] [About] the old days.
| one sg n adj | time sg n |
129 (GK) Right. And what does it mean to “lay down” the sheaves?
|
bkch
|
and | what sg n interr | mean 3sg pres I | when conj |
[ … ]
|
acc refl clt | lay 3pl pres P | sheaf pl m def |
130 (GK) Do you cut them, or not?
| cut 3pl pres I | interr clt | acc refl clt | or | not |
131 (a) [2:57] No ...
| no |
132 (c) [2:57] No.
| no |
133 (a) [2:58] … there’s the threshing board, with these flints below. It goes around, all day long …
| threshing.board sg f def | with | this pl med adj | flintstone pl m | below adv | and | nom f 3sg | walk 3sg pres I | circle 3sg pres I | entire sg m adj | day sg m |
134 (b) [3:03] [With] cattle – oxen– harnessed [to it]
| livestock sg m def | ox pl m def | harness pl P.part P |
135 (a) [3:04] … until the straw becomes grain.
| until | comp | become 3sg pres P | straw sg f | this sg n adj | grain sg n |
136 (d) [3:05] I’m leaving now, O.K.?
| interr | set.off 1sg pres P | dat refl clt |
137 (a) [3:07] And we gather it up into a big pile, and there’s a winnower.
| and | acc n 3sg clt | gather 1pl pres P | in | pile sg m | big sg m adj | and | winnower sg f | pres exist |
138 (GK) And if there’s no winnower?
| if conj | pres neg exist | winnower sg f |
139 (a) [3:12] Well then, there’s no way to winnow it. You can’t do it [only in] the wind –
| disc | pres neg exist | how interr | comp | acc n 3sg clt | winnow 1pl pres P | on | wind sg m def | neg | can pres imprs |
140 (a) [3:14] [what if] there’s no wind?
| pres neg exist | wind sg m |
141 (GK) Ah.
|
bkch
|
142 (a) [3:15] How [else] to winnow the grain, each kernel? So we have a winnower.
| how interr | comp | winnow 1pl pres P | grain sg n def | grain sg n def | and | nom 1pl | have 1pl pres I | winnower sg f |
143 (a) [3:18] We rotate like this and the grain falls out. Grain separates out,
| thus med adv | revolve 1pl pres I | and | this sg n med adj | grain sg n | dat refl clt | flow 3sg pres I | grain sg n def | apart adv |
144 (a) [3:21] straw separates out, and the ears that are left, that separates out; it all falls out.
| straw sg f def | apart adv | spike sg m | rel | 3sg pres aux clt | remain sg n L.part P | nom m 3sg | apart adv | dat refl clt | flow 3sg pres I |
145 (a) [3:26] and then once more, we winnow just the kernels, and then pour them –
| and | dat refl clt | after adv | still adv | once adv | only adv | grain sg n def | winnow 1pl pres P | and | acc n 3sg clt | pour 1pl pres I | then adv |
146 (GK) Where?
| where interr |
147 (b) [3:31] The barn.
| barn sg m def |
148 (a) [3:31] In the barn. We had big compartments for that, made at home.
| in | barn sg m def | have 1pl impf I | compartment pl m | thus med adv | big pl adj | make pl P.part P | at.home adv |
149 (GK) What’s this “compartment”?
| what sg n interr | 3sg pres cop clt | this sg n adj | compartment sg m |
150 (a) [3:35] That’s where …
| this sg n med adj | rel |
151 (c) [3:36] Where you gather the grain.
| rel | gather 3sg pres I | grain sg n def |
152 (a) [3:36] … we gather up the grain.
| grain sg n def | gather 1pl pres I |
153 (d) [3:37] Where the grain is kept.
| rel | acc refl clt | preserve 3sg pres I | grain sg n def |
154 (a) [3:39] It’s made – this big, built [with] four …
| make sg n P.part P | ost | thus med adv | big sg n adj | build sg n P.part P | four |
155 (b) [3:41] Fenced off with boards, you fence off [a place], like this, with boards …
| with | board pl f | partition sg n P.part P | partition pl f | make sg n P.part P | thus med adv | with | board pl f |
156 (a) [3:43] … fenced off with boards.
| and | with | board pl f | thus med adv | partition sg n P.part P |
157 (b) [3:44] … four or five compartment, that’s how we call it – a compartment [in the] barn.
| four | interr clt | 3pl pres cop clt | five | compartment ct m | thus med adv | thus med adv | dat m 3sg clt | say 1pl pres I | nom 1pl | compartment sg m | barn sg m |
158 (GK) Aha.
| bkch |
159 (b) [3:47] and it’s fenced off. You pour [the grain] in there, [in] separate [areas].
| and | partition sg n P.part P | and | there adv | pour 2sg pres I | this sg n adj | dat refl clt | put 2sg pres P | other sg n def adj | grain sg n |
160 (b) [3:51] The barley by itself, the red wheat by itself – into the different types of grain.
| barley sg m def | separately adv | red.wheat sg f def | separately adv | interr | in | variety pl m | interr | grain pl n def |
161 (b) [3:54] And you put [them] separately so you always know [what is what] when you grind.
| and | separately adv | put 2sg pres I | and | all adv | know 2sg pres I | when inter.rel | grind 2sg pres I |
162 (b) [3:57] You take it and grind it, [take it] from the barn, to this –
| take.down 2sg pres P | again adv | grind 2sg pres I | there adv | from.there adv | from | barn sg m def | there adv | from | disc |
163 (b) [4:00] and you grind it at the mill. And that’s your grain for food.
| and | grind 2sg pres P | at | mill sg f | and | this sg n med adj | dat 2sg clt | 3sg pres cop clt | grain sg n def | for | food sg f |
164 (b) [4:03] What you got down at the mill was for bread.
| for | bread sg m | 3sg impf cop | this sg n med adj | this sg n med adj | produce 2sg pres P | at | mill sg f |
165 (a) [4:06] That was [for] bread.
| this sg n med adj | 3sg impf cop | bread sg m def |
166 (b) [4:06] You go to grind it,
| go 2sg pres P | grind 2sg pres P | dat refl clt |
167 (GK) Uh huh.
| bkch |
168 (b) [4:08] and the women knead [bread] back home, and not –
| and | woman pl f def | knead 3pl pres I | at.home adv | and | not |
169 (a) [4:09] We [are the ones who] used to knead [the bread].
| nom 1pl | dat refl clt | knead 1pl impf I |
170 (b) [4:11] At home.
| at.home adv |
171 (GK) Of course.
| clearly adv |
172 (b) [4:11] [with] flour [that you get] when you go to the mill,
| flour sg n def | go 2sg pres P | to | mill sg f def |