Salaš

yes

11 (VZh) I’m from Vŭrbovo (in the Torlak region), but –

nom 1sg

1sg pres cop clt

from

Vŭrbovo sg n place

but

12 (a) [0:21] You’ve forgotten

2sg pres aux clt

съм

zabovarìl

forget sg m L.part P

заборавям

13 (VZh) They don’t – I’ve forgotten a little.

nom 3pl

there adv

[...]

little adv

1sg pres aux clt

forget sg m L.part P

14 (a) [0:23] But you’ve forgotten, haven’t you?

but

interr

2sg pres aux clt

forget sg m L.part P

15 (VZh) Not for–

zab

[…]

neg

не

16 (b) [0:24] No, that’s not [how they say] “speak” over there.

there adv

neg

speak 3pl pres I

17 (a) [0:26] That [speech] is in each village but in Stakevtsi it’s even –

disc

nom n 3sg

each sg n adj

village sg n

disc

Stakevtsi sg m place

ost

18 (a) [0:28] [See] where Krechimir is, even they say “imamo”

where interr

3sg pres cop clt

Krechimir sg m place

and

nom 3pl

have 1pl pres I

disc

19 (VZh) Uh huh.

bkch

20 (a) [0:31] In the meaning “we talk”, we say “vrevimo”, they say “glčimo” or “oratimo” or –

nom 1pl

say 1pl pres I

talk 1pl pres I

nom 3pl

say 1pl pres I

talk 1pl pres I

speak 1pl pres I

21 (a) [0:36] all sorts of things.

most

differently adv

thus adv

22 (VZh) Tell us about the old days. Do you remember before collective farms,

comp

dat 1pl clt

tell 2sg pres P

for

one sg n adj

time sg n

remember 2sg pres I

interr clt

before

economy sg n def

23 (VZh) when it was private (ownership), what work did you do?

private sg n def adj

when inter.rel

3sg impf cop

what sg n interr

2pl pres aux clt

work pl L.part I

24 (a) [0:48] Before – before collective farms. I’m of the birth year ’forty-one, which means

disc

before

before

economy sg n def

nom 1sg

1sg pres cop clt

forty

and

first sg m adj

аge.group sg m

and

mean 3sg pres I

25 (a) [0:55] that was already in ’fifty, after that, ’fifty-two

this sg n adj

dat refl clt

3sg pres aux clt

sg n L.part cop

[...]

fifty

fifty

after

fifty

and

second sg f adj

26 (a) [0:59] it was, maybe. Yes, after.

can pres imprs

comp

3sg pres aux clt

sg n L.part cop

but

and

yes

and

after

yes

27 (a) [1:03] What did we do? You plow, you dig, you plant the way [you do]

disc

and

what sg n interr

1pl pres aux clt

work pl L.part I

plow 2sg pres I

dig 2sg pres I

hes

what sg n inter.rel

dat refl clt

plant 2sg pres I

28 (a) [1:07] [in] your garden now. You go out in the field,

garden acc sg f

now adv

nom 2sg

disc

and

thus adv

go 3sg pres P

acc refl clt

field sg n def

29 (a) [1:11] you plow for corn, for wheat, for oats,

and

acc refl clt

plow 3sg pres I

for

corn sg m

and

for

wheat sg n

and

for

feed sg m

30 (a) [1:16] because that was our “hrana” (food) during the winter.

because

from

this sg n adj

dat 1pl clt

3sg pres aux clt

sg n L.part cop

food sg f def

during

winter sg f def

31 (a) [1:18] I’m mixing [my speech] a bit, you see.

nom 1sg

little adv

and

mix 1sg pres I

interr

see 2sg pres I

32 (VZh) Yes, yes, yes, yes.

yes

yes

yes

yes

33 (a) [1:21] Ha, let’s say “jeden’e” (food). I’ve just been three days in the city…

excl

comp

say 1pl pres P

food sg n def

but

sit sg f L.part I

1sg pres aux clt

three

day ct m

city sg m

34 (a) Aha.

ahà

bkch

35 (a) [1:27] …more [actually]. Then came school, and then each one fends for himself.

more adv

that

after adv

interr

come 3sg aor P

school sg n def

and

thus adv

each sg m adj

acc refl clt

save 3sg pres I

alone sg m adj

36 (a) [1:34] I had only mother and father, my mother was –

nom 1sg

1sg pres aux clt

have sg f L.part I

only adv

mother f sg

and

father sg m

because

hes

mother f sg

dat 1sg clt

3sg pres cop clt

37 (a) [1:39] Her father [worked in Lom, there he was the paymaster,

father sg m

dat f 3sg clt

3sg pres aux clt

sg m L.part cop

Lom sg m place

paymaster sg m

there adv

38 (a) [1:42] as they call them in the military.

what sg n inter.rel

acc 3pl clt

say 3pl pres I

military pl adj

39 (VZh) Uh huh.

bkch

40 (a) [1:43] But then he took ill, and he had died by the time she was born.

however adv

acc refl clt

fall.ill sg m L.part P

and

nom f 3sg

when conj

acc refl clt

bear sg f L.part P

nom m 3sg

sg m L.part cop

die sg m L.part P

41 (a) [1:49] My father was the third child, he went along a while and then got married,

father sg m

third sg n adj

child sg n

hes

interr

go.on sg n L.part I

go.on sg n L.part I

marry sg n L.part P

acc refl clt

42 (a) [1:53] and to an orphan, so you don’t have anyone to help you out.

and

here adv

for

orphan sg n

and

disc

not.have 2sg pres I

who interr

comp

dat 2sg clt

help 3sg pres P

43 (a) [1:57] So there’s the three of us. I was the first born,

nom 1pl

ost

this pl adj

three def

nom 1sg

when conj

1sg pres aux clt

acc refl clt

bear sg f L.part P

first sg n def adj

child sg n

44 (a) [2:01] there were three of us, but my little brother died

because

nom 1pl

1pl pres cop clt

dat 3pl clt

pl L.part cop

three

but

little.brother sg n

dat 1sg clt

die sg n L.part P

after

45 (a) [2:05] at three years of age. There weren’t doctors then.

three

year pl f

disc

and

then adv

3sg impf cop

thus adv

hes

pres neg exist

doctor sg m

46 (a) [2:10] I had taken ill with scarlet fever, and he got it from me.

and

nom 1sg

acc refl clt

fall.ill 1sg aor P

from

scarlet.fever acc sg f

nom m 3sg

acc m 3sg

acc m 3sg clt

catch 3sg aor P

acc 1sg

47 (a) [2:15] The fact that I was bigger was why I managed

because

nom 1sg

1sg pres aux clt

sg f L.part cop

big sg f adj

and

[...]

1sg pres aux clt

succeed sg f L.part P

успея

nalì

interr

нали

48 (a) [2:19] to survive. And holidays – people celebrated a lot then.

comp

acc refl clt

save 1sg P

disc

holiday pl m

then adv

acc refl clt

much adv

celebrate 3sg impf I

49 (a) [2:24] All the holidays: St. John’s Day, St. Dragan’s Day, you know how it is

all pl adj

holiday pl m

St.Johns.Day sg m

St.Dragan's.Day sg m

there adv

most

interr

know 2sg pres I

what sg n interr

dat refl clt

3sg pres cop clt

50 (VZh) Uh huh.

bkch

51 (a) [2:28] on the calendar, you can read it and see all of them there.

calendar sg m

ost

and

comp

read 2sg pres I

fut

see 2sg pres I

interr

all adv

dat 3pl clt

[...]

disc

52 (a) [2:33] People had – oh excuse me! – people had horses (standard form) …

have 3pl impf I

excl

excuse pl imv I

have 3pl impf I

people pl def

horse pl m

53 (a) [2:38] Horses (dialect form)

kòn’i

horse pl m

кон

54 (a) [2:38] … with this –

sɤs

with

takòva

disc

такъв

55 (VZh) Uh huh.

bkch

56 (b) [2:40] Horses (dialect form)

kòn’i

horse pl m

кон

57 (VZh) Uh huh.

bkch

58 (a) [2:41] Uh huh, [and would get around] by carriage, and he would –

ahà

disc

sɤs

with

hes

interr

with

hansom.cab sg m

with

hes

disc

and

nom m 3sg

fut

59 (a) [2:46] that’s how you would take someone, take a sick person in that,

must pres I imprs

comp

acc m 3sg clt

drive 2sg pres I

person sg m def

comp

dat 2sg clt

drive 3sg pres P

ill sg m def adj

disc

60 (a) [2:50] to Belogradchik [where] there were private doctors. There wasn’t

belogračìk

Belogradchik sg m place

L.part exist

3sg pres aux clt

private pl adj

doctor pl m

neg

3sg pres aux clt

L.part exist

then adv

61 (a) [2:55] a hospital. I don’t remember now, maybe there was. But probably

now adv

hospital sg f

neg

remember 1sg pres I

can pres imprs

comp

dat refl clt

3sg pres cop clt

but

surely adv

62 (a) [2:58] it was built later, I don’t know. Anyway, we look after ourselves.

3sg pres cop clt

later adv

make sg f P.part I

neg

know 1sg pres I

and

ost

thus adv

save 1pl pres I

acc refl clt

alone pl adj

63 (a) [3:03] Mother will mix up buns in the morning – well [not] every time

and

mother f sg

in.morning adv

fut

knead 3sg pres P

small.bun sg n

because

disc

each sg m adj

time sg m

64 (a) [3:09] did we even have flour! But she’ll mix it up, she’ll take

neg

3sg pres aux clt

L.part exist

and

flour sg n

and

then adv

nom f 3sg

fut

knead 3sg pres P

fut

take 3sg pres P

65 (a) [3:14] cheese if we had some, we’ll take it – But we didn’t have –

if conj

pres exist

cheese sg n

fut

carry 1pl pres P

because

and

nom 1pl

neg

1pl pres aux clt

have pl L.part I

66 (a) [3:18] when you don’t have grandparents you can’t even look after the animals.

when conj

not.have 2sg pres I

grandmother acc sg f

and

grandfather acc sg m

nom 2sg

neg

can 3sg pres I

keep 2sg pres I

and

animal pl n

because

nom 3pl

67 (a) [3:22] That is, when you must go to work, somebody has to look after them.

interr

nom 2sg

comp

go 2sg pres P

comp

work 2sg pres I

acc 3pl

must pres I imprs

comp

acc 3pl clt

look 3sg pres I

someone sg m

68 (a) [3:27] And then we’d go – here near the village we have a field

and

then adv

go 1pl pres P

ost

here adv

near adv

under

village sg n

have 1pl pres I

field acc sg f

69 (a) [3:31] We’d go [there] and then come back home to eat. We were poor,

ìdemo

go 1pl pres P

ида

and

acc refl clt

return 1pl pres P

comp

eat 1pl pres P

home adv

nom 1pl

1pl pres aux clt

poor pl adj

pl L.part cop

70 (a) [3:36] I’m not going to pretend I was rich. And now I’m the same.

fut neg

comp

acc refl clt

make 1pl pres I

rich acc sg f adj

and

now adv

1sg pres cop clt

dat refl clt

71 (a) [3:39] But I’ve got a rich soul,

soul sg f def

dat 1sg clt

3sg pres cop clt

wide sg f adj

disc

72 (VZh) Huh.

hə

bkch

ха

73 (a) [3:41] I like beautiful things.

nom 1sg

like 1sg pres I

nice pl def adj

thing pl n

74 (AK) Huh.

hə

bkch

ха

75 (a) [3:44] Well, I can [live] more modestly. I live a very modest life.

and

can pres imprs

and

modestly adv

even adv

and

nom 1sg

very adv

modestly adv

live 1sg pres I

76 (a) [3:49] Everything I have is from my parents. I don't have any household appliances,

this sg n adj

everything sg n adj

which sg n inter.rel

dat 1sg clt

3sg pres cop clt

from

parent pl m def

equipment pl n

not.have 1sg pres I

77 (a) [3:53] I wash clothes by hand, and what is it to me

ost

now adv

wash 1sg pres I

hand sg f

disc

what interr

and

for

acc 1sg

dat refl clt

78 (a) [3:56] I’ll do my washing [this way]. I won’t – I’m free all day!

fut

dat refl clt

wash 1sg pres P

fut neg

comp

entire sg m adj

day sg m

1sg pres cop clt

free sg f adj

79 (VZh) Huh.

hə

bkch

ха

80 (a) [4:01] I look after my garden. Back then we’d go outside the village

look 1sg pres I

dat refl clt

garden acc sg f

and

then adv

go 1pl pres P

from

there adv

under

village sg n

81 (a) [4:05] to work a bit. Back then, you know, there was envy –

comp

dat refl clt

work 1pl pres P

something sg n

disc

interr

know 2sg pres I

and

then adv

dat refl clt

L.part exist

envy sg f

82 (a) [4:11] whoever had help didn’t trust you. As they say – the sated disbelieves the hungry.

who sg m inter.rel

have sg m L.part I

help sg f

nom m 3sg

acc 2sg clt

neg

believe 3sg pres I

interr

say 3pl pres I

sated sg m def adj

hungry sg m def adj

neg

believe 3sg pres I

83 (VZh) That’s it.

tekà

thus adv

така

84 (a) [4:17] Yes, that’s it. So there were neighbors, but they had grandparents,

disc

ost

thus adv

and

then adv

here adv

neighbor pl m

but

pres exist

grandmother sg f

grandfather sg m

85 (a) [4:21] sheep, goats. We didn’t have much, but mother said,

and

sheep pl f

and

goat pl f

and

but

nom 1pl

pres neg exist

what sg n interr

mother f sg

speak 3sg pres I

86 (a) [4:25] “Don’t talk about it.” And we – she’d make pepper-cucumber soup,

fut neg

comp

say 2pl pres I

and

nom 1pl

make 3sg pres P

sour sg n adj

hes

mower's sg n adj

sour sg n adj

87 (VZh) Ah, that.

this sg n adj

disc

88 (a) [4:31] with dry – dry peppers, and if there was cucumber, but –

with

dry acc sg f adj

dry acc sg f adj

pepper acc sg f

and

if conj

L.part exist

cucumber sg f

but

disc

89 (a) [4:34] they haven’t had cucumbers this big for a long time. No time to water them.

cucumber sg f

long.ago adv

this.size pl f adj

pres neg exist

not.have 3pl pres I

when interr

and

comp

comp

acc n 3sg

water 1pl pres I

90 (a) [4:42] They send me, and [I was] a child, I’d say I’ve watered them.

send 3pl pres P

acc 1sg clt

acc 1sg

disc

nom 1sg

child sg n

say 1sg pres P

water sg f L.part P

1sg pres aux clt

acc n 3sg

91 (a) [4:45] though the way I’ve watered them only I know!

but

how interr

1sg pres aux clt

acc n 3sg

water sg f L.part P

nom 1sg

alone sg f adj

dat refl clt

know 1sg pres I

92 (VZh) (laughter)

93 (a) [4:49] And then you start to gather in everything you’ve hoed,

and

then adv

later adv

begin 3sg pres I

already adv

comp

acc refl clt

gather 3sg pres I

interr

when conj

hoe 1pl pres P

all adv

94 (a) [4:54] we’d go – my dad built a house with his own two hands – and we’d

go 1pl pres P

father sg m

dat 1sg clt

make 3sg pres I

house sg m

with

two f def

hand pl f

and

nom 1pl

comp

95 (a) [4:59] bring in bricks because there wasn’t – wasn’t anyone to help. And then

bring 1pl pres P

brick pl f def

that conj

pres neg exist

pres neg exist

who interr

comp

help 3sg pres P

and

then adv

96 (a) [5:04] we’d go with mother to dig. I was probably in third or fourth grade,

go 1pl pres P

with

mother acc sg f

dat 1sg clt

comp

dig 1pl pres I

nom 1sg

1sg pres aux clt

sg f L.part cop

surely adv

third sg n adj

fourth sg n adj

97 (a) [5:08] I’d go with her to hoe, and what I hoed up, well –

with

acc f 3sg

go 1sg pres P

comp

dig 1sg pres I

and

what sg n interr

1sg pres aux clt

dig sg f L.part I

disc

98 (a) [5:11] I certainly learned how, and I still know how …

ò

excl

and

then adv

1sg pres aux clt

acc refl clt

surely adv

learn sg f L.part P

ost

still adv

know.how 1sg pres I

99 (VZh) (laughter)

[…]

100 (a) [5:15] … to hoe, and I still hoe, and back then she said don’t tell [people]

comp

dig 1sg pres I

and

still adv

dig 1sg pres I

and

then adv

nom f 3sg

say 3sg pres P

fut neg

comp

say 2pl pres I

101 (a) [5:20] what we eat. And we nibble on [our] pepper-cucumber soup and –

what sg n interr

1pl pres aux clt

eat pl L.part I

disc

nom 1pl

eat 1pl pres P

from

mower's sg n def adj

sour sg n adj

and

102 (a) [5:26] And if there’s another baby it’s bound up in a cradle on your back –

if conj

pres exist

other sg n adj

baby sg n

nom n 3sg

tie.up sg n P.part P

cradle acc sg f def

behind adv

103 (a) [5:29] do you know what a cradle is?

nom 2sg

know 2sg pres I

interr clt

what sg n interr

3sg pres cop clt

cradle sg f

104 (VZh) Like –

kato

като

105 (a) [5:31] Woven, woven.

weave sg n P.part I

weave sg n P.part I

106 (VZh) A carry-sack, like a carry-sack –

from

carry.sack sg n

carry.sack sg n

107 (a) [5:33] That’s right, except it’s longer,

disc

thus adv

but

only adv

that conj

3sg pres cop clt

long sg n adj

interr

108 (VZh) Huh.

hа

disc

109 (a) [5:37] because it’s got a baby in it. We carry it them and tie it on some tree.

because

3sg pres cop clt

baby sg n

put sg n P.part P

there adv

acc n 3sg clt

carry 1pl pres P

tie 1pl pres P

there adv

some.kind sg n adj

tree sg n

110 (a) [5:42] If the child has begun to walk, they dig out a hole and put it

if conj

3sg pres aux clt

take sg n L.part P

comp

go 3sg pres I

nom 3pl

dig 3pl pres P

hole acc sg f def

and

acc n 3sg clt

put 3pl pres P

111 (a) [5:46] to sit there so it can pee or do whatever,

comp

sit 3sg pres P

down adv

nom n 3sg

fut

piss 3sg pres I

interr clt

what sg n interr

fut

do 3sg pres I

112 (a) [5:50] and it’ll sit there, because its mother has to work,

ost

there adv

fut

sit 3sg pres I

because

nom f 3sg

must pres I imprs

comp

and

[...]

work 3sg pres I

this sg n adj

113 (a) [5:54] otherwise there won’t be bread or anything to eat in the winter.

and

that conj

later adv

pres neg exist

bread sg m

hes

winter sg f def

what sg n interr

comp

acc refl clt

eat 3sg pres I

114 (a) [5:58] Everyone starts to gather – that is, to reap

begin 3sg pres I

comp

acc refl clt

gather 3sg pres I

and

this sg n adj

comp

acc refl clt

reap 3sg pres I

115 (a) [6:03] wheat, oats, rye – [we do it] all by ourselves,

wheat sg n

feed sg m

rye sg f

all adv

alone pl adj

116 (b) [6:08] All by hand.

and

на

rùku

hand acc sg f

ръка

117 (a) [6:09] Aha, and with the sickle.

disc

and

with

sickle sg m

118 (VZh) Uh huh.

bkch

119 (a) [6:11] Ah, I’ll talk about that. Do you know what a sickle is?

ost

and

this sg n adj

comp

say 1sg pres P

know 2sg pres I

interr clt

what sg n interr

3sg pres cop clt

sickle sg m

know 2sg pres I

120 (VZh) Well, it’s this –

hes

such sg m adj

one sg n adj

hes

121 (a) [6:15] Yes! With a wooden handle …

yes

and

with

wood sg n

here adv

handle sg f def

122 (VZh) Aha.

bkch

123 (a) [6:17] … so it won’t hurt [you]. And you lean down to cut, you cut this –

comp

neg

kill 3sg pres I

and

thus adv

lean.down 2sg pres P

acc refl clt

and

[...]

cut 2sg pres I

one sg n adj

124 (AK) How do they hold it?

and

how interr

acc m 3sg clt

hold 3pl pres I

125 (a) [6:23] Uh, well, it’s got – well, I’ve got one somewhere

hes

disc

disc

dat refl clt

have 3sg pres I

hes

have 3sg pres I

dat refl clt

but

nom 1sg

have 1sg pres I

somewhere adv

126 (a) [5:26] but I don’t know where I put it.

but

not.know 1sg pres I

where interr

1sg pres aux clt

acc m 3sg clt

put sg f L.part P

127 (AK) Later.

late adv

128 (a) [5:28] A wooden handle, attached to this, and the sickle is like this,

wooden sg f adj

handle sg f

put sg n P.part P

interr

this sg n adj

disc

3sg pres cop clt

thus adv

sickle sg m def

129 (VZh) Uh huh.

bkch

130 (a) [5:32] Like a [crescent] moon.

moon sg f def

131 (VZh) Uh huh.

bkch

132 (a) [6:35] And then there’s this thing that’s made –

and

then adv

hes

here adv

pres exist

one sg n adj

hes

where inter.rel

make sg n P.part P

disc

this sg n adj

133 (a) [6:39] See how clever people are, what they have invented

and

see sg imv P

interr clt

how interr

3pl pres aux clt

acc refl clt

invent pl L.part I

people pl def

comp

comp

134 (a) [6:43] to make their lives easier. Who knows what it was like at the beginning,

comp

dat 3pl clt

3sg pres cop clt

easy adv

because

who interr

know 3sg pres I

what sg n interr

3sg pres aux clt

sg n L.part cop

at.first adv

135 (a) [6:46] I can’t say, it was before I was born,

nùmem

not.know.how 1sg pres I

comp

say 1sg pres P

interr

[...]

nom 1sg

before

comp

acc refl clt

bear 1sg pres P

136 (a) [6:49] but it’s been that way for years. And then we reap, and reap

but

thus adv

dat refl clt

3sg pres aux clt

sg n L.part cop

with

year f pl

and

then adv

reap 1pl pres I

reap 1pl pres I

137 (a) [6:53] and then – then you gather it up and make it into sheaves,

and

again

again

comp

acc n 3sg clt

tie 2sg pres P

again

comp

acc n 3sg clt

place 2sg pres P

sheaf sg m

138 (a) [6:58] and you make a “vŭzhe”, a cord of the wheat itself [to tie the sheaf].

make 3sg pres I

acc refl clt

one sg n adj

rope sg n

again adv

hes

from

hes

this sg n adj

from

wheat sg n def

139 (VZh) What [did you say]? Do you call it “yuzhe”?

what sg n interr

cord sg n

cord sg n

interr clt

dat n 3sg clt

call 2pl pres I

140 (a) [7:04] “Juzhe”, yes, that’s right.

cord sg n

excl

thus adv

141 (VZh) Ah.

bkch

142 (a) [7:05] Just that, a “yuzhe”. And one goes at night to make it,

exactly adv

thus adv

cord sg n

but

acc refl clt

go 3sg pres P

at.night adv

comp

acc refl clt

make 3sg pres P

143 (a) [7:09] since when the sun shines it will get hot and one can’t –

because

disc

when conj

warm 3sg pres I

sun sg n def

nom n 3sg

acc refl clt

heat 3sg pres P

and

neg

не

mòže

can pres imprs

може

144 (a) [7:13] it needs to be – to be …

disc

must pres I imprs

comp

3sg pres cop clt

comp

3sg pres cop clt

145 (VZh) Dry.

sùvo

dry sg n

сух

146 (a) [7:16] … to be a little –

comp

3sg pres cop clt

little adv

147 (VZh) Yes, to be moist?

yes

but

wet sg n adj

comp

3sg pres cop clt

148 (a) [7:17] Yes, to be a little like that. And then it gets tied off,

comp

little adv

comp

have 3sg pres I

disc

and

later adv

acc refl clt

tie 3sg pres P

149 (a) [7:22] and we gather it up, and put it [in piles], and then they begin

again adv

acc n 3sg clt

gather 1pl pres I

thus adv

acc refl clt

place 3sg pres P

and

later adv

and

begin 3sg pres I

150 (a) [7:27] [with] the threshing, and they begin – And then mother, or whoever

до

hes

vṛšìdbata

threshing sg f def

вършитба

and

acc refl clt

begin 3sg pres I

and

mother sg f def

who sg f rel adj

3sg pres cop clt

interr

151 (a) [7:33] [will be feeding] the reapers, when there are additional hired hands…

fut

pres exist

reaper pl m

who interr

have 3sg pres I

[...]

more adv

hes

worker pl m

152 (VZh) Uh huh

bkch

153 (b) [7:38] Workers

rabòtnici

worker pl m

работник

154 (a) [7:38] … to help out because some people had – In Salash

comp

dat m 3sg clt

help 3pl pres P

because

people pl def

some pl adj

3pl pres aux clt

have pl L.part I

Salash sg m place

155 (a) [7:42] there weren’t many rich people. Mostly people had animals,

rich pl adj

many adv

neg

3sg pres aux clt

L.part exist

with

hes

animal pl n

more adv

156 (a) [7:45] but someone might have managed holdings of 90 to 100 decares.

and

property sg m

ninety

and

hundred

decare ct m

interr

3sg pres aux clt

reach sg m L.part P

someone sg m

157 (VZh) Hm.

bkch

158 (a) [7:49] There might have been some like that, with holdings on the side

can pres imprs

comp

3sg pres aux clt

L.part exist

disc

with

such pl adj

marginal pl adj

interr

159 (VZh) Uh huh.

bkch

160 (a) [7:54] and then they take – or help the one who has more –

and

then adv

what

fut

make 3sg pres P

carry 3pl pres I

dat refl clt

help 3pl pres I

who interr

have 3sg pres I

more adv

interr

161 (a) [8:01] everyone goes to what we call the “guvno” (threshing floor),

there adv

pres exist

say 1pl pres I

threshing.floor sg n

there adv

all pl adj

dat refl clt

drive 3sg pres I

dat refl clt

162 (a) [8:05] Each puts his in when his turn comes to thresh, and then

each sg m adj

dat refl clt

place 3sg pres P

when conj

dat m 3sg clt

come 3sg pres P

turn sg m

comp

thresh 3sg pres I

and

after adv

163 (a) [8:11] some help others, but women stay home to cook, because it’s necessary

one pl adj

dat refl clt

help 3pl pres I

and

woman sg f def

remain 3sg pres P

home adv

comp

cook 3sg pres P

because

and

must pres I imprs

164 (a) [8:15] to have enough to feed all the people [working] on the machines

comp

pres exist

comp

comp

acc 3pl clt

feed 3sg pres I

this pl adj

where inter.rel

3pl pres cop clt

machine pl f def

165 (a) [8:20] like that one, how was it, the one called a “locomobile”, right?

because

disc

interr

how interr

3sg impf cop

hes

with

locomobile sg m

3sg impf cop

interr

thus adv

3sg impf cop

166 (VZh) Right.

takà

thus adv

така

167 (a) [8:27] And the thresher. People help with the thresher – if they want (that is).

and

thresher sg f def

and

thresher sg f def

and

then adv

dat refl clt

help 3pl pres I

who interr

want 3sg pres I

disc

168 (a) [8:32] We’re still like that, we Bulgarians are “individualists”.

because

disc

and

now adv

1pl pres cop clt

dat refl clt

such pl adj

nom 1pl

1pl pres cop clt

hes

Bulgarian pl m def

individualist pl m

169 (VZh) Uh huh.

aha

bkch

170 (a) [8:37] Let’s agree that we’re …

give sg imv P

comp

dat refl clt

speak 1pl pres I

that

1pl pres cop clt

171 (VZh) Uh huh.

aha

bkch

172 (a) [8:39] … that way. And we still are. See,

such pl adj

and

now adv

1pl pres cop clt

dat refl clt

such pl adj

hes

see 2pl pres I

interr clt

173 (a) [8:42] when [a Bulgarian] goes abroad he follows all the rules,

hes

when conj

go 3sg pres P

foreign.country sg f

fulfill 3sg pres I

all pl adj

rule pl n

174 (a) [8:47] but when he’s in Bulgaria he does whatever he wants.

but

when conj

3sg pres cop clt

Bulgaria acc sg f place

dat refl clt

do 3sg pres I

what sg n inter.rel

want 3sg pres I

175 (VZh) Uh huh.

bkch

176 (a) [8:50] Don't you see it’s like that?

neg

see 2pl pres I

interr clt

that

3sg pres cop clt

thus adv

177 (VZh) [Yes, it’s] like that, like that.

thus adv

3sg pres cop clt

thus adv

3sg pres cop clt

178 (a) [8:52] It’s as if he does it out of pure stubbornness.

and

that

acc n 3sg clt

do 3sg pres I

stubbornness sg m

179 (VZh) So you remember when threshing machines came in. But before that,

and

nom 2sg

remember 2sg pres I

thresher pl f def

when conj

come 3pl aor P

and

before

this sg n adj

before

this sg n adj

180 (VZh) what [was it like] when there were no threshers but [just] horses?

what sg n interr

what sg n interr

3sg pres cop clt

hes

when inter.rel

neg

3sg pres aux clt

L.part exist

thresher pl f

but

horse pl m

181 (a) [9:01] Ah, I can’t say. Probably they pounded it.

disc

neg

can 1sg pres I

comp

dat 2sg clt

say 1sg pres P

and

surely adv

3pl pres aux clt

acc n 3sg clt

pound pl L.part I

182 (VZh) They pounded it.

pound pl L.part I

3pl pres aux clt

acc n 3sg clt

disc

183 (a) [9:09] Well surely! It couldn’t be any other way.

disc

surely adv

disc

neg

can pres imprs

differently adv

184 (VZh) Uh huh

bkch

185 (a) [9:08] There wasn’t any other way. So now when it all got gathered in,

disc

disc

other sg m adj

manner sg m

neg

3sg pres aux clt

L.part exist

and

then adv

acc refl clt

gather 3sg pres I

186 (a) [9:13] now let’s gather in the wheat, and then let’s go get wood,

and

hort

[...]

comp

gather 3sg pres P

wheat sg n

and

hort

wood pl n

comp

acc refl clt

provide 3pl pres P

187 (a) [9:17] because winter is coming. And there it is.

because

and

come 3sg pres I

winter sg f

and

ost

thus adv

and

[...]

188 (VZh) What will they [use] to bring in the wood?

with

what sg n interr

fut

acc 3pl clt

drive 3pl pres I

this pl adj

wood pl n

189 (a) [9:21] What?

disc

190 (VZh) How do they bring the wood to the house?

with

what sg n interr

acc 3pl clt

drive 3pl pres I

this pl adj

wood pl n

here adv

house acc sg f

191 (a) [9:23] Oh, everybody had – not everybody, but most people had

excl

each sg m adj

dat refl clt

3sg pres cop clt

not

each sg m adj

but

mostly adv

3pl pres aux clt

have pl L.part I

192 (a) [9:26] oxen or cows and a cart. Everyone has to have livestock

ox pl m

cow pl f

and

cart sg f

each sg m adj

must pres I imprs

comp

dat refl clt

have 3sg pres I

livestock sg m

193 (a) [9:32] in order to bring things in. Who is going to come

for

comp

can 3sg pres I

comp

dat refl clt

gather 3sg pres P

who interr

fut

dat 2sg clt

go 3sg pres P

comp

dat 2sg clt

194 (a) [9:35] to do you favors? Someone might come if he’s your brother

comp

acc 2sg clt

listen 3sg pres I

can pres imprs

comp

go 3sg pres P

but

if conj

dat 2sg clt

3sg pres cop clt

brother sg m

195 (VZh) (laughter)

196 (a) [9:40] or a sister, or –

sister sg f

197 (VZh) (laughter)

198 (a) [9:42] Otherwise it’s hard work. So you bring [things] in

otherwise adv

hard sg f adj

work sg f

and

ost

thus adv

and

acc refl clt

се

pribìra

gather 3sg pres I

прибирам

[…]

199 (a) [9:47] winter forage, whatever there is. Whoever has animals goes out to cut foliage

winter.supplies sg f

what sg n inter.rel

pres exist

and

each sg m adj

if conj

have 3sg pres I

animal pl n

foliage sg f

foliage sg f

acc refl clt

cut sg n L.part P

200 (a) [9:53] in the autumn, up there in the woods, and [piles it up] in layers.

autumn sg f def

there adv

forest sg f def

hes

thus adv

hes

layer pl m

interr

201 (a) [10:00] Just like you put down hay,

hay sg n

acc refl clt

place 3sg pres P

202 (VZh) Uh huh.

bkch

203 (a) [10:01] that’s how you store the winter foliage if you had many animals. Eighty goats,

thus adv

and

foliage sg f def

even adv

winter sg f def

who sg m inter.rel

have sg m L.part I

many adv

animal pl n

eighty

goat pl f

204 (a) [10:06] my grandfather had, but he lived in another house.

grandfather sg m

dat 1sg clt

acc 1sg

but

nom m 3sg

other sg f adj

house sg f

remain sg m L.part P

205 (a) [10:09] They had eight – eighty goats and eighty sheep,

3pl pres aux clt

have pl L.part I

[...]

eighty

goat pl f

and

eighty

sheep pl f

206 (a) [10:14] I tried that out a bit when we retired, but [we were] ruined.

disc

nom 1sg

little adv

attempt 1sg aor P

later adv

when inter.rel

become 1pl aor P

pensioner pl m

but

hes

sɤsipìja

ruin sg f

207 (a) [10:21] It’s true that if you have a lamb you’ve got milk and cheese, but

true adv

have 2sg pres I

have 2sg pres I

lamb sg n

have 2sg pres I

hes

milk sg n

have 2sg pres I

cheese sg n

but

208 (a) [10:26] you need to be at it every day, to go out in the damp and cold,

must pres I imprs

each sg m adj

day sg m

and

comp

acc 2sg clt

ти

mòkri

moisten 3sg pres I

and

comp

3sg pres cop clt

cold sg n adj

nom 2sg

go 2sg pres P

209 (VZh) to go out and milk them.

otòdiž

go 2sg pres P

comp

acc 3pl clt

те

mḷzèš

milk 2sg pres I

210 (a) [10:31] (laughter)

211 (VZh) And what else?

what sg n interr

other sg n adj

above adv

212 (a) [10:32] Well, you have to pasture them if you’re going to milk them!

disc

adrs

disc

must pres I imprs

acc 3pl clt

pasture 2sg pres P

and

та

comp

mḷzèš

milk 2sg pres I

213 (VZh) (laughter)

214 (a) [10:35] Otherwise there’s nothing to milk! But [if] you’ve got a lamb, hens,

otherwise adv

pres neg exist

comp

milk 2sg pres I

and

thus adv

have 2sg pres I

dat refl clt

lamb sg n

have 2sg pres I

dat refl clt

hen pl f

215 (a) [10:41] pigs, you’ve always got – well, not always. But whoever has fields

pig pl n

always adv

but

not

always adv

disc

who sg m inter.rel

have sg m L.part I

interr

more adv

field pl f

216 (a) [10:47] also has grain and wheat, doesn’t he?

nom m 3sg

dat refl clt

have sg m L.part I

and

grain sg n

hes

wheat sg n

interr

217 (VZh) Uh huh.

bkch

218 (a) [10:50] We call grain “zire”. And with that, you then

nom m 3sg

nom 1pl

adrs

dat n 3sg clt

say 1pl pres I

grain sg n

and

tegàj

then adv

тогава

[...]

from

this sg n adj

interr

219 (a) [10:55] go down to the mill. There was one in Krechimir. And in Salash

ìdeš

go 2sg pres P

ида

and

та

[...]

and

grind 2sg pres P

mill acc sg f

exist impf

Krechimir sg m place

and

salàš

Salash sg m place

Салаш

220 (a) [11:00] there used to be five or six mills, because there was water in the rivers.

3sg pres aux clt

L.part exist

five

six

mill pl f

but

disc

exist impf

water sg f

river pl f def

221 (b) [11:03] Not any now.

now adv

pres neg exist

222 (a) [11:04] Now there’s not [enough] water [even] to drink or wash your “noge” (feet).

now adv

pres neg exist

water sg f

comp

acc refl clt

drink 2sg pres P

foot pl f

comp

dat refl clt

си

umìješ

wash 2sg pres P

223 (a) [11:07] “Noge” – do you know what are “noge”?

foot pl f

interr

know 2sg pres I

what sg n interr

3sg pres cop clt

foot pl f

224 (VZh) “Noge”, that’s this –

foot pl f

nom 3pl

nom m 3sg

inter.rel

225 (a) [11:11] And that’s it, children! That’s how we lived. With difficulty.

and

disc

thus adv

child pl n

disc

thus adv

1pl pres aux clt

live pl L.part I

difficult adv

226 (a) [11:17] And people now – now I have the sense that people have gotten lazy.

now adv

folk sg m def

folk sg m def

have 1sg pres I

feeling sg n

that

3sg pres aux clt

become sg m L.part P

lazy sg m adj

interr

227 (VZh) They haven’t any desire to …

be.lazy pres imprs

acc 3pl clt

disc

228 (a) [11:25] What?

disc

229 (VZh) They haven’t any desire …

mɤrzì

be.lazy pres imprs

мързи

acc 3pl clt

те

230 (a) [11:27] They haven’t any desire to work. They don’t want to! But there’s a field,

mṛzì

be.lazy pres imprs

acc 3pl clt

comp

work 3pl pres I

not.want 3sg pres I

dat refl clt

disc

adrs

field sg n

pres exist

231 (a) [11:32] [a place] to plant a garden at least. True, it’s difficult.

comp

dat refl clt

plant 2sg pres P

at.least adv

garden acc sg f

disc

true adv

that

3sg pres cop clt

difficult adv

232 (a) [11:37] It’s not easy, not easy. But you can produce something.

neg

3sg pres cop clt

easy adv

neg

3sg pres cop clt

easy adv

but

comp

dat refl clt

something sg n

produce 3sg pres P

233 (a) [11:41] With a yard, you can plant five rows of “krompir” (potatoes), as we say –

pres exist

yard sg m

and

adrs

put sg imv P

five

row ct m

potato sg m

what rel

dat m 3sg clt

say 1pl pres I

234 (a) [11:46] that’s “kartof” (potatoes).

nom n 3sg

3sg pres cop clt

potato sg m

235 (VZh) (laughter)

236 (a) [11:48] Or plant ten vines of tomatoes or “petlidzhan” (tomato).

and

plant sg imv P

ten

stalk ct m

tomato pl m

tomato sg m

237 (VZh) Uh huh.

bkch

238 (a) [11:52] in our speech [we call it] “petlidzhan”.

по

nàšemu

our adv

petlidžàn

tomato sg m

239 (VZh) Or onions.

and

па

lùk

onion sg m

лук

240 (a) [11:56] And onions, yes indeed.

and

onion sg m

excl

ost

thus adv

241 (VZh) Green (leeks), red (onions) –

green sg m adj

red sg m adj

242 (a) [11:58] We planted everything! You have to plant everything, no other way.

ò

excl

and

onion sg m

everything sg n adj

1pl pres aux clt

dat refl clt

plant pl L.part I

everything sg n adj

must pres I imprs

comp

plant 2sg pres P

otherwise adv

pres neg exist

243 (a) [12:04] And that’s how we lived – it was hard.

and

ost

thus adv

1pl pres aux clt

live pl L.part I

difficult adv

244 (VZh) And clothing. Clothes now, that you’ve [made] yourself –

and

and

clothing pl f def

and

clothing pl f def

now adv

clothing sg f

alone sg m adj

comp

dat refl clt

245 (a) [12:08] Everything was woven! When I married, I was

everything sg n adj

acc refl clt

weave 3sg pres I

even adv

nom 1sg

when conj

1sg pres aux clt

acc refl clt

marry sg f L.part I

sg f L.part cop

1sg pres aux clt

246 (a) [12:12] seventeen or eighteen, twenty. And rugs got put on the loom!

seven

eighteen

year pl f

twenty

loom sg m

acc refl clt

put 3sg pres I

rug pl f

247 (a) [12:18] [Back then] we didn’t have things to wrap ourselves up in,

disc

exist impf neg

what sg n interr

comp

dat refl clt

[...]

comp

acc refl clt

се

zavìemo

wrap 1pl pres P

248 (a) [12:21] no blankets or quilts, or things like that.

disc

pres neg exist

blanket pl n

and

jurgàni

quilt pl m

and

what sg n interr

interr clt

neg

249 (a) [12:25] Maybe whoever was rich had them, would weave them for himself,

can pres imprs

comp

3sg pres aux clt

have sg m L.part I

who interr

3sg pres aux clt

sg m L.part cop

rich sg m adj

and

па

dat refl clt

си

istɤčè

weave 3sg pres P

250 (a) [12:28] the upper parts [of clothing], and then to a tailor who knows –

interr

this sg n adj

upper.part sg n def

and

later adv

acc refl clt

make 3sg pres P

tailor sg m

hes

who interr

know.how 3sg pres I

251 (a) [12:34] you go and stuff it with wool, or whatever you had,

go 3sg pres P

and

[...]

hes

fill 3sg pres P

with

wool sg f

with

what

2sg pres aux clt

have sg m L.part I

disc

252 (a) [12:38] but wool [is best]. And then everyone slept on straw, or this –

but

disc

wool sg f

hes

straw.mattress sg m

acc refl clt

се

spàlo

sleep sg n L.part I

and

kre

[...]

and

tekvòj

such sg m adj

такъв

253 (a) [12:44] plank-bed, otherwise now it’s a bed.

plank.bed sg m

disc

otherwise adv

now adv

bed sg m

254 (VZh) A bed, yes.

krèvet

bed sg m

yes

255 (a) [12:46] But then we said “plank-bed”. And then there was –

but

then adv

acc refl clt

say sg n L.part I

plank.bed sg m

even adv

3sg pres aux clt

sg n L.part cop

and

hes

takòva

such sg n adj

такъв

256 (a) [12:52] it was like a plank-bed, but made with boards.

again

plank.bed sg m

but

with

board pl f

make sg n P.part P

257 (VZh) Uh huh.

bkch

258 (a) [12:57] And even now I hear –

and

disc

probably adv

that conj

hes

and

now adv

hear 1sg pres I

259 (a) [12:59] I myself for many years have slept on boards, especially because

and

nom 1sg

from

many adv

year pl f

sleep 1sg pres I

board acc sg f

disc

because

especially adv

260 (a) [13:04] when you get older you need to sleep on a hard surface.

when conj

become 2sg pres P

elderly sg m adj

must pres I imprs

comp

sleep 2sg pres I

hard sg n adj

261 (VZh) Uh huh

bkch

262 (a) [13:07] Like a baby, when they put it [on the swaddling board]. People get ill because

kàkto

as rel

както

bèbeto

baby sg n def

acc refl clt

put 3sg pres I

disc

therefore adv

people pl def

ill pl adj

because

263 (a) [13:12] on these spring mattresses

nom 2sg

hes

this sg n adj

hes

this sg n adj

hes

spring acc sg f def

264 (a) [13:17] you get all bent [out of shape], especially your spinal column.

acc refl clt

bend 2sg pres P

thus adv

and

but

especially adv

spinal sg m def adj

column sg m

265 (VZh) [You need] to keep your spine [straight].

comp

dat 2sg clt

hold 3sg pres I

spine acc sg f

disc

thus adv

3sg pres cop clt

266 (a) [13:22] Yes, exactly! I’ve been sleeping on a hard surface since I was fifty.

yes

exactly adv

hard sg n adj

nom 1sg

from

fifty

year pl f

thus adv

sleep 1sg pres I

267 (a) [13:26] I can’t [do otherwise] because I’m not well. I feel even that not –

neg

can 1sg pres I

because

neg

1sg pres cop clt

well adv

hes

sense 1sg pres I

interr

that

neg

268 (a) [13:33] I’ve even put boards on my couch [where there are] springs.

disc

couch acc sg f

spring sg f def

nom 1sg

1sg pres aux clt

dat refl clt

arrange sg f L.part P

dɤ̀ske

board pl f

дъска

269 (VZh) Uh huh.

əmhm

bkch

270 (a) [13:37] So there!

ost

thus adv

271 (VZh) So did you call it a “stan”, the thing that you weave on?

thus adv

interr clt

loom sg m

interr clt

dat m 3sg clt

call 2pl impf I

this sg n adj

where inter.rel

acc refl clt

weave 3sg pres I

acc m 3sg

272 (VZh) Didn’t you call it something like “raz-“ ?

hes

neg

3sg pres cop clt

interr clt

[...]

what

dat m 3sg clt

call 2pl impf I

273 (a) [13:42] We call it “razboy”.

loom sg m

nom 1pl

dat m 3sg clt

say 1pl pres I

274 (VZh) “Razboy”, aha.

loom sg m

disc

275 (a) [13:44] “Razboy”. Well, you need to know a lot!

loom sg m

but

disc

and

this sg n adj

3sg pres cop clt

much adv

must pres imprs

comp

know 2sg pres I

276 (VZh) Ah, yes.

disc

disc

277 (a) [13:47] People didn’t know how to read and write, but they knew that.

people pl def

neg

3pl pres aux clt

know pl L.part.impf I

literacy sg f

however adv

this sg n adj

3pl pres aux clt

know pl L.part.impf I

278 (a) [13:52] Somebody’s calling me, probably my daughter.

acc 1sg

interr clt

acc 1sg clt

seek 3sg pres I

surely adv

daughter sg f def

279 (VZh) Someone’s looking for you.

someone sg m

acc 2sg clt

seek 3sg pres I

280 (a) [13:56] Excuse me for a couple of minutes.

disc

excuse pl imv I

only adv

two f

minute pl f

281 (VZh) [unclear]

282 (a) [13:58] They’re checking to see if I’m alive!

comp

dat 1sg clt

make 3pl pres P

verification sg f

interr

1sg pres cop clt

alive sg f adj

283 (VZh) (laughter)

284 (a) [14:01] I’m eighty years old, children. Hello? No, no, I’ve got

nom 1sg

1sg pres cop clt

eighty

year pl f

child pl n

hello

here adv

have 1sg pres I

285 (a) [14:10] some people [who’ve] come to [hear] me tell them things in Torlak [dialect].

one pl adj

people pl

come pl L.part P

hes

comp

comp

Torlak sg m adj

little adv

comp

acc 3sg clt

say 1sg pres P

something sg n

286 (a) [14:17] Whatever I know! I promised, and you know I’m a person of my word.

what

know 1sg pres I

excl

nom 1sg

when conj

1sg pres aux clt

promise sg f L.part P

know 2sg pres I

that

1sg pres cop clt

willing sg m adj

person sg m

287 (a) [14:26] Oh, I don’t know. Maybe they’re from your [part of the world]!

è

excl

neg

know 1sg pres I

can pres imprs

and

from

от

vàšti

your pl def adj

comp

3pl pres cop clt

but

288 (a) [14:33] Well, Rumyana called me and I didn’t hear, but she was washing there.

è

excl

rumjàna

Rumyana sg f name

acc 1sg clt

call 3sg aor P

nom 1sg

and

and

neg

hear 1sg aor P

but

wash 3sg impf I

there adv

289 (a) [14:35] We’re chatting here in the garden.

raspràvljam

tell 1sg pres I

acc refl clt

garden acc sg f def

290 (b) [14:37] We were undoing the gate and –

disc

razvṛzàme

untie 1pl impf I

pòrtutu

gate acc sg f def

порта

and

291 (a) [14:38] And Rumyana came with these people. I don’t know. Whatever.

and

Rumyana sg f name

come 3sg aor P

with

this pl adj

people pl

neg

know 1sg pres I

how rel

and

comp