Rajanovci 1

Rajanovci1.newer_.mp3

1 (VZh) What was it [like] back during the private ownership [era]?

čàsnoto

private sg n def adj

what sg n interr

3sg impf cop

then adv

2 (a) [0:01] What was there during private ownership?

private sg n def adj

what sg n interr

3sg pres aux clt

sg n L.part cop

3 (VZh) Back then, what was it [like] during private ownership?

then adv

what sg n interr

3sg impf cop

private sg n def adj

4 (a) [0:06] Well, what can I tell you? I was –

disc

what sg n interr

comp

dat 2sg clt

say 1sg pres P

nom 1sg

1sg pres aux clt

sg f L.part cop

5 (a) [0:10] well, when I was a girl; I was a child, an [unmarried] girl

disc

when inter.rel

nom 1sg

1sg pres aux clt

sg f L.part cop

girl sg n

child sg n

1sg pres aux clt

sg f L.part cop

disc

girl sg n

6 (a) [0:14] I got married at seventeen, but we didn’t study.

nom 1sg

1sg pres aux clt

acc refl clt

marry sg L.part I

seventeen

year pl f

disc

nom 1pl

neg

1pl pres aux clt

learn pl L.part I

7 (a) [0:18] My girlfriends went to study but I didn’t.

my pl adj

comrade pl f

go 3pl aor P

comp

learn 3pl pres I

but

nom 1sg

neg

1sg pres aux clt

go pl f L.part P

8 (a) [0:22] [There was] another woman – I went to learn to be a seamstress, and

and

other sg f adj

one f sg adj

woman sg f

nom 1sg

go 1sg aor P

for

tailor acc sg f

comp

learn 1sg pres I

and

and

9 (a) [0:25] she probably [studied to] be a seamstress as well, and – that’s how it happened.

disc

and

nom f 3sg

probably adv

for

tailor acc sg f

go 3sg aor P

and

thus adv

become 3sg aor P

10 (a) [0:31] Before that I went to school, up through the third grade.

and

early adv

1sg pres aux clt

dat refl clt

learn sg f L.part I

third sg m adj

class sg m

11 (a) [0:35] We – it was – now it’s the seventh grade...

nom 1pl

[...]

disc

3sg pres aux clt

sg n L.part cop

[...]

now adv

3sg pres cop clt

seventh sg m adj

12 (VZh) Hm.

həm

bkch

13 (a) [0:38] ... but back then it was the third grade.

but

then adv

3sg pres aux clt

sg n L.part cop

third sg m adj

14 (VZh) Hm.

həm

bkch

15 (a) [0:39] So I finished [school] here, and went off to study to be a seamstress.

ost

here adv

1sg pres aux clt

dat refl clt

finish sg f L.part P

and

go 1sg aor I

comp

learn 1sg pres I

for

tailor acc sg f

16 (a) [0:43] As a child, I went with the sheep and the cows, and that was it.

go sg f L.part I

1sg pres aux clt

shepherd sg m

cowherd sg m

child sg n

and

ost

this sg n adj

3sg pres cop clt

17 (a) [0:48] Otherwise I haven’t gone anywhere else. There’s no other [thing] I can

otherwise adv

neg

1sg pres aux clt

go sg f L.part I

other sg n adj

place sg n

other sg n adj

other sg n adj

neg

can 1sg pres I

18 (a) [0:51] tell you. During private ownership we – we had oxen and carts

comp

dat 2pl clt

say 1sg pres P

private sg n adj

1pl pres aux clt

[...]

cart sg f

ox pl m

1pl pres aux clt

dat refl clt

have pl L.part I

19 (a) [0:56] and plowed the fields. I went out and hoed during private ownership,

and

dat refl clt

plow 1pl pres I

field pl f def

and

nom 1sg

1sg pres aux clt

go sg f L.part I

dig sg f L.part I

1sg pres aux clt

private sg n def adj

20 (a) [1:00] And that’s how it was.

and

ost

thus adv

21 (VZh) Did you go out to harvest?

harvest sg f

go sg f L.part I

interr clt

2sg pres aux clt

22 (a) [1:03] I went to harvest as well, we reaped by hand you know.

and

harvest sg f

1sg pres aux clt

go sg f L.part I

hand sg f

1pl pres aux clt

reap pl L.part I

ost

thus adv

23 (VZh) Yes. And the cattle – did you go out

əmhəm

bkch

and

with

cattle pl n def

cattle pl n

and

[...]

2sg pres aux clt

съм

odìla

go sg f L.part I

ходя

24 (VZh) and pasture them, or what?

comp

acc 3pl clt

pasture 2sg pres I

interr clt

what sg n interr

25 (a) [1:11] Well yes, I pastured them in the hills in the springtime.

disc

yes

pasture sg f L.part I

1sg pres aux clt

acc 3pl clt

mountain sg m def

spring sg n adj

time sg n

26 (a) [1:15] You let the cattle go and they graze. It was in the hills, there were meadows,

acc refl clt

release 3pl pres P

cattle pl n def

acc refl clt

pasture 3pl pres I

disc

3sg impf cop

mountain sg m def

exist impf

meadow pl f

27 (a) [1:26] there were fields, there was everything. And we pastured them there until

exist impf

field pl f

exist impf

everything sg n adj

and

nom 1pl

there adv

acc 3pl clt

pasture 1pl pres I

until conj

28 (a) [1:26] [it’s time to] mow. You can’t pasture them in the meadows [then]

acc refl clt

mow 3sg pres P

but

neg

3sg pres cop clt

comp

acc 3pl clt

pasture 1pl pres I

meadow pl f def

29 (a) [1:30] because the meadows are being mowed: we need hay for the sheep in the winter.

because

meadow sg f

acc refl clt

mow 3sg pres I

and

must pres I imprs

hay sg n

for

winter sg f def

for

sheep pl f def

30 (a) [1:34] And we – well, there’s the state forest.

and

nom 1pl

pres exist

dat refl clt

hes

forest sg f

disc

such sg f adj

state sg f adj

forest sg f

31 (a) [1:41] It’s thinly [wooded], there’s grass, and we pastured them there

but

thin sg f adj

pres exist

dat refl clt

grass sg f

and

there adv

1pl pres aux clt

acc 3pl clt

pasture pl L.part I

32 (a) [1:45] during mowing time. After that we pasture them in the meadows.

when conj

acc refl clt

mow 3sg pres P

nom 1pl

acc 3pl clt

pasture 1pl pres I

after adv

meadow pl f def

33 (a) [1:49] We pasture them until it’s harvest, time, and then go off to harvest

pasture 1pl pres I

acc 3pl clt

until conj

acc refl clt

become 3sg pres P

harvest sg f def

ready sg f adj

after adv

go 1pl pres I

harvest pl f

34 (a) [1:54] and the cattle carry the hay, the sheaves. Ah, and the thresher.

and

cattle pl n def

drive 3pl pres I

hay sg n def

this sg m adj

sheaf pl m def

and

ost

thus adv

disc

thresher sg f

35 (a) [2:01] There’s the threshing floor, we called it. There’s a building

exist impf

threshing.floor sg n

dat n 3sg clt

say 1pl impf I

here adv

where inter.rel

[...]

build sg f P.part I

this sg f adj

building sg f

36 (a) [2:06] on that spot [where] the entire village gathers, they bring the sheaves there

this sg n adj

place sg n

acc refl clt

entire sg n adj

village sg n

dat refl clt

drive 3sg pres I

there adv

sheaf pl m def

37 (a) [2:13] to – to thresh them. And the thresher comes, but it was privately owned.

comp

comp

acc n 3sg clt

thresh 3sg pres I

and

come 3sg pres P

[...]

come 3sg pres P

thresher sg f

but

3sg pres aux clt

sg f L.part cop

private sg f adj

38 (a) [2:19] That thresher belonged to Toshko, [was it] his grandfather’s?

thresher sg f def

nom f 3sg

this sg m adj

Toshko sg m name

grandfather acc sg m

interr clt

3sg pres aux clt

[...]

39 (a) [2:26] [Yes], the thresher was his grandfather’s, and he brought it

grandfather acc sg m

dat m 3sg clt

3sg pres aux clt

sg f L.part cop

thresher sg f def

and

nom m 3sg

acc f 3sg clt

take 3sg pres P

40 (a) [2:30] and we thresh the entire threshing floor, all of it. How much was given

and

thresh 1pl pres P

entire sg n def adj

threshing.floor sg n

everything sg n adj

acc refl clt

thresh 3sg pres P

there adv

how.much interr

acc refl clt

3sg pres aux clt

give sg n L.part I

41 (a) [2:35] per half bushel, or whatever, I can’t tell you that.

per

per

per

half.bushel acc sg f

interr clt

per

what sg n interr

interr clt

this sg n adj

neg

can 1sg pres I

comp

dat 2pl clt

say 1sg pres P

42 (a) [2:40] I was a child and didn’t understand.

nom 1sg

1sg pres aux clt

sg f L.part cop

child sg n

and

neg

1sg pres aux clt

understand sg f L.part I

разбирам

and

neg

не

zna

[...]

43 (a) [2:43] They gave – they paid for it in wheat [which] they gave to the one

and

give pl L.part I

3pl pres aux clt

pay pl L.part I

3pl pres aux clt

wheat sg n

3pl pres aux clt

give pl L.part I

this sg m adj

44 (a) [2:47] who threshed it. That’s how it was. He threshed ours, and then went

rel

thresh 3sg pres I

ost

thus adv

3sg pres aux clt

sg n L.part cop

and

thresh 3sg pres P

our sg n def adj

and

go 3sg pres P

45 (a) [2:51] to Oshane, to another village, and that’s how we did the threshing.

Oshane sg n place

other sg n adj

village sg n

and

ost

thus adv

1pl pres aux clt

thresh pl L.part I

46 (AK) I was –

nom 1sg

1sg pres aux clt

47 (VZh) And sheep – what sort of work was there with sheep?

and

with

sheep pl f def

with

sheep pl f def

what.kind sg f interr adj

work sg f

exist impf

48 (a) [3:01] What?

koè

which sg n interr adj

кой

49 (VZh) With sheep. How [was it] with sheep?

with

sheep pl f

with

sheep pl f

how interr

50 (a) [3:03] Ah, with sheep. I was up there – I went –

ò

excl

with

sheep pl f

nom 1sg

1sg pres aux clt

sg f L.part cop

above adv

go sg f L.part I

1sg pres aux clt

thus adv

51 (a) [3:10] My grandmother pastured them, and I went

grandmother sg f

dat 1sg clt

acc 3pl clt

3sg pres aux clt

pasture sg f L.part I

and

nom 1sg

1sg pres aux clt

go sg f L.part I

52 (a) [3:12] and helped her when in the spring we leave the lambs to watch them

and

1sg pres aux clt

dat f 3sg clt

help sg f L.part I

when inter.rel

in.spring adv

leave 1pl pres P

lamb pl n

for

comp

acc 3pl clt

keep 1pl pres I

53 (a) [3:20] to switch – to switch the old sheep and the young ones. I go

for

comp

replace 3pl pres P

[...]

old def pl adj

sheep pl f

comp

replace 3pl pres P

young pl def adj

nom 1sg

go 1sg pres I

54 (a) [3:24] and herd lambs all day, but apart: we weaned them from the ewes.

and

lambherd sg m

entire sg m adj

day sg m

disc

separately adv

from

sheep pl f def

comp

acc 3pl clt

wean 1sg pres I

55 (a) [3:29] And so I pastured lambs. After that I pastured livestock,

and

thus adv

1sg pres aux clt

pasture sg f L.part I

lamb pl n

later adv

1sg pres aux clt

pasture sg f L.part I

паса

govèdata

cattle pl n def

говедо

56 (a) [3:32] again in the mountains. And that’s how it was.

again adv

mountain sg m def

and

ost

thus adv

57 (VZh) Uh huh.

əmhəm

bkch

58 (AK) And the livestock – what did they mow for the livestock?

and

for

livestock sg f

and

what sg n interr

mow 3sg impf I

what sg n interr

acc refl clt

mow 3sg pres I

for

livestock sg f

59 (a) [3:40] What did they mow?

what sg n interr

acc refl clt

mow 3sg pres I

60 (AK) Yes.

dà

yes

да

61 (a) [3:42] With a scythe, a hand scythe. We have one, if you want I’ll show it to you.

with

scythe sg f

manual sg f adj

scythe sg f

nom 1pl

have 1pl pres I

if conj

want 2pl pres I

comp

dat 2pl clt

acc f 3sg clt

show 1sg pres P

62 (AK) Yes.

dà

yes

да

63 (a) [3:50] By hand, in Kaludzher as I was telling you, up there –

by.hand adv

Kaludzher sg m place

what sg n inter.rel

dat 2sg clt

dat 2pl clt

argue 1sg pres I

above adv

disc

64 (a) [3:50] the place was called Kaludzher. When they begin to mow –

Kaludzher sg m place

acc refl clt

say 3sg impf I

locality sg f def

when conj

begin 3sg pres P

comp

acc refl clt

mow 3sg pres I

65 (a) [3:54] No, that was during the collective farm. Everyone gathers.

but

this sg n adj

3sg pres aux clt

sg n L.part cop

[...]

economy sg n def

gather 3sg pres P

acc refl clt

all pl adj

66 (a) [3:59] [All] the men go to mow, there were even teachers

man pl m

go 3pl pres P

comp

mow 3pl pres I

disc

even adv

exist impf

teacher pl m def

67 (a) [4:03] Teachers went to mow. There was one teacher, Stanko, he was the best

teacher pl m def

go 3pl impf I

comp

mow 3pl pres I

teacher sg m def

Stanko sg m name

one sg m adj

impf exist

most

good sg m adj

3sg impf cop

68 (a) [4:07] And others went to mow, like that. But during private ownership

and

and

other def pl adj

go 3pl pres I

comp

mow 3pl pres I

ost

thus adv

and

disc

during

private sg n adj

69 (a) [4:13] it was the same. We were – Nothing changed with collective farms.

dat refl clt

3sg pres cop clt

same sg n def adj

1pl pres aux clt

pl L.part cop

[...]

nothing sg n

that conj

become 3sg aor P

economy sg n

70 (a) [4:17] They continued to go out to mow,

nom 3pl

dat refl clt

continue 3pl aor P

comp

dat refl clt

comp

dat refl clt

go 3pl pres I

comp

mow 3pl pres I

and

71 (a) [4:20] but they gave the hay to the collective farm. In private ownership

but

hay sg n def

give 3pl pres I

economy sg n def

thus adv

3sg impf cop

and

during

private sg n adj

72 (a) [4:24] it was – the fields were – each field [had] a boundary. You don’t –

ost

thus adv

sg n L.part cop

field pl f def

[...]

each sg f adj

field sg f

boundary sg m

nom 2pl

neg

[...]

73 (a) [4:29] you don’t know [of] such things.

neg

know 2pl pres I

this sg n adj

thing sg n

74 (VZh) To know to what extent, how much to whom –

disc

comp

know 2sg pres I

until conj

3sg pres cop clt

hes

until conj

who acc sg m

3sg pres cop clt

75 (a) [4:33] Yes, how much is yours.

yes

until conj

3sg pres cop clt

your sg n def adj

76 (VZh) Uh huh.

əmhəm

bkch

77 (a) [4:36] Here’s a boundary, then a few meters, then a boundary, and so on.

here adv

boundary sg m

and

several adv

meter ct m

again adv

boundary sg m

and

ost

thus adv

78 (a) [4:40] And up in that place [named] Kaludžer, that I was telling you about,

and

above adv

this sg n adj

locality sg f def

Kaluger sg m place

what sg n inter.rel

dat 2pl clt

tell 1sg pres I

mean 3sg pres I

79 (a) [4:45] It was steep up there; down in the lowlands people had [fields].

there adv

3sg pres aux clt

sg n L.part cop

steep sg n adj

ost

thus adv

below adv

dat refl clt

have 3sg pres I

lowland sg f

have 3pl pres I

people pl def

80 (a) [4:50] But that man up in the steep region plows – I watched him

but

this sg m adj

person sg m

above adv

steep sg n def adj

ost

thus adv

plow 3sg pres I

nom 1sg

1sg pres aux clt

acc m 3sg clt

look sg f L.part I

81 (a) [4:55] just as I’m watching you now, he’s plowing with cows.

what sg n inter.rel

[...]

what sg n inter.rel

now adv

acc 2sg clt

look 1sg pres I

with

cow pl f def

plow 3sg pres I

82 (a) [4:59] It’s steep, but he didn’t have any other land. That’s how it was.

disc

steep sg n adj

because

not.have 3sg pres I

other sg f adj

land sg f

ost

thus adv

3sg pres aux clt

sg n L.part cop

83 (a) [5:05] It was hard! Plowing, but if someone is –

and

difficult adv

3sg pres aux clt

sg n L.part cop

plow def vbl.n

but

who sg m inter.rel

dat refl clt

3sg pres aux clt

sg m L.part cop

[...]

84 (a) [5:08] well off, with good cattle, good fields, he manages. There were

and

rich sg m adj

[...]

cattle pl n

good pl adj

field pl f

good pl adj

make 3sg pres I

exist impf

dat refl clt

here adv

85 (a) [5:16] several such rich people in the village. She knows Tony the Torlak,

such pl adj

rich.person pl m

several adv

village sg n def

ost

3pl pres cop clt

this sg f adj

know 3sg pres I

Tony sg m name

Torlak sg m def adj

86 (a) [5:25] they were rich. Angel Frnchin, Peter down the hill,

nom 3pl

3pl pres aux clt

pl L.part cop

rich pl adj

Angel sg m name

Frnchin sg m name

below adv

Peter sg m name

87 (a) [5:33] and so on – several families. They hire workers

čìj

whose sg m interr adj

3sg impf cop

several adv

family pl n

and

gather 3pl pres I

worker pl m

88 (a) [5:39] when there’s a lot to harvest, when there are lots of fields, they hire –

when inter.rel

pres exist

harvest sg f

much adv

pres exist

and

field pl f

much adv

gather 3pl pres I

89 (a) [5:43] they’re called “workers”. And they come and help them, and get paid.

[...]

worker pl m

dat 3pl clt

acc refl clt

say 3sg pres I

and

go 3pl pres I

and

dat 3pl clt

help 3pl pres I

pay 3sg pres I

dat 3pl clt

90 (a) [5:48] What they paid them, I don’t know. And so it was.

what sg n interr

3pl pres aux clt

dat 3pl clt

pay pl L.part I

neg

know 1sg pres I

and

ost

thus adv

3sg pres aux clt

sg n L.part cop

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Participants

VZh

AK

a

Rajanovci 1

1 (VZh) What was it [like] back during the private ownership [era]?

2 (a) [0:01] What was there during private ownership?

3 (VZh) Back then, what was it [like] during private ownership?

4 (a) [0:06] Well, what can I tell you? I was –

5 (a) [0:10] well, when I was a girl; I was a child, an [unmarried] girl

6 (a) [0:14] I got married at seventeen, but we didn’t study.

7 (a) [0:18] My girlfriends went to study but I didn’t.

8 (a) [0:22] [There was] another woman – I went to learn to be a seamstress, and

9 (a) [0:25] she probably [studied to] be a seamstress as well, and – that’s how it happened.

10 (a) [0:31] Before that I went to school, up through the third grade.

11 (a) [0:35] We – it was – now it’s the seventh grade...

12 (VZh) Hm.

13 (a) [0:38] ... but back then it was the third grade.

14 (VZh) Hm.

15 (a) [0:39] So I finished [school] here, and went off to study to be a seamstress.

16 (a) [0:43] As a child, I went with the sheep and the cows, and that was it.

17 (a) [0:48] Otherwise I haven’t gone anywhere else. There’s no other [thing] I can

18 (a) [0:51] tell you. During private ownership we – we had oxen and carts

19 (a) [0:56] and plowed the fields. I went out and hoed during private ownership,

20 (a) [1:00] And that’s how it was.

21 (VZh) Did you go out to harvest?

22 (a) [1:03] I went to harvest as well, we reaped by hand you know.

23 (VZh) Yes. And the cattle – did you go out

24 (VZh) and pasture them, or what?

25 (a) [1:11] Well yes, I pastured them in the hills in the springtime.

26 (a) [1:15] You let the cattle go and they graze. It was in the hills, there were meadows,

27 (a) [1:26] there were fields, there was everything. And we pastured them there until

28 (a) [1:26] [it’s time to] mow. You can’t pasture them in the meadows [then]

29 (a) [1:30] because the meadows are being mowed: we need hay for the sheep in the winter.

30 (a) [1:34] And we – well, there’s the state forest.

31 (a) [1:41] It’s thinly [wooded], there’s grass, and we pastured them there

32 (a) [1:45] during mowing time. After that we pasture them in the meadows.

33 (a) [1:49] We pasture them until it’s harvest, time, and then go off to harvest

34 (a) [1:54] and the cattle carry the hay, the sheaves. Ah, and the thresher.

35 (a) [2:01] There’s the threshing floor, we called it. There’s a building

36 (a) [2:06] on that spot [where] the entire village gathers, they bring the sheaves there

37 (a) [2:13] to – to thresh them. And the thresher comes, but it was privately owned.

38 (a) [2:19] That thresher belonged to Toshko, [was it] his grandfather’s?

39 (a) [2:26] [Yes], the thresher was his grandfather’s, and he brought it

40 (a) [2:30] and we thresh the entire threshing floor, all of it. How much was given

41 (a) [2:35] per half bushel, or whatever, I can’t tell you that.

42 (a) [2:40] I was a child and didn’t understand.

43 (a) [2:43] They gave – they paid for it in wheat [which] they gave to the one

44 (a) [2:47] who threshed it. That’s how it was. He threshed ours, and then went

45 (a) [2:51] to Oshane, to another village, and that’s how we did the threshing.

46 (AK) I was –

47 (VZh) And sheep – what sort of work was there with sheep?

48 (a) [3:01] What?

49 (VZh) With sheep. How [was it] with sheep?

50 (a) [3:03] Ah, with sheep. I was up there – I went –

51 (a) [3:10] My grandmother pastured them, and I went

52 (a) [3:12] and helped her when in the spring we leave the lambs to watch them

53 (a) [3:20] to switch – to switch the old sheep and the young ones. I go

54 (a) [3:24] and herd lambs all day, but apart: we weaned them from the ewes.

55 (a) [3:29] And so I pastured lambs. After that I pastured livestock,

56 (a) [3:32] again in the mountains. And that’s how it was.

57 (VZh) Uh huh.

58 (AK) And the livestock – what did they mow for the livestock?

59 (a) [3:40] What did they mow?

60 (AK) Yes.

61 (a) [3:42] With a scythe, a hand scythe. We have one, if you want I’ll show it to you.

62 (AK) Yes.

63 (a) [3:50] By hand, in Kaludzher as I was telling you, up there –

64 (a) [3:50] the place was called Kaludzher. When they begin to mow –

65 (a) [3:54] No, that was during the collective farm. Everyone gathers.

66 (a) [3:59] [All] the men go to mow, there were even teachers

67 (a) [4:03] Teachers went to mow. There was one teacher, Stanko, he was the best

68 (a) [4:07] And others went to mow, like that. But during private ownership

69 (a) [4:13] it was the same. We were – Nothing changed with collective farms.

70 (a) [4:17] They continued to go out to mow,

71 (a) [4:20] but they gave the hay to the collective farm. In private ownership

72 (a) [4:24] it was – the fields were – each field [had] a boundary. You don’t –