Leštak 3

5 (GK) And the “koshina” is [out] on the field?

and

pile sg f

3sg pres cop clt

this sg n adj

3sg pres cop clt

field sg f def

interr clt

6 (e) [0:14] Yes.

yes

7 (GK) O.K. Then, after it sits [a while] wherever it is on the field,

thus adv

after adv

when conj

stand 3sg pres I

field sg f def

somewhere adv

where

3sg pres cop clt

8 (GK) what do they do with it? The “koshina,” that is.

what sg n interr

acc n 3sg clt

do 3pl pres I

pile sg f def

9 (e) [0:27] You put the “koshina” where the threshing field is, where you’ll do the threshing.

pile sg f def med

acc refl clt

lay 3sg pres I

where rel

3sg pres cop clt

threshing.floor sg m def

where rel

fut

acc refl clt

thresh 3sg pres I

10 (GK) Yes.

yes

11 (e) [0:32] A flat [place]. And then you cut the sheaves in two,

flat sg n adj

and

after adv

acc refl clt

cut 3sg pres I

hes

sheaf sg m def

two n

12 (e) [0:37] or leave them single, however you wish. Then they set out mules – two [of them]

one sg n adj

how rel

want 2sg pres I

and

acc refl clt

release 3pl pres I

mule pl n

two n

13 (e) [0:42] harnessed [with a rope], and crush it [and] it turns into straw.

vɤ̀rzəni

tie pl P.part P

вържа

and

acc sg n 3sg

crush 3pl pres I

happen 3sg pres I

straw sg f

14 (GK) So, O.K. What is a threshing floor?

thus adv

good adv

and

what sg n interr

represent 3sg pres I

threshing.floor sg m def

15 (e) [0:49] This right here used to be a threshing floor. Right [where we are].

ost

this sg n med adj

early adv

3sg impf cop

threshing.floor sg m

here adv

ost

here adv

16 (GK) Really?

yes

17 (e) [0:53] Here by the chickens, here across from the still.

ost

here adv

hen pl f def med

ost

here adv

across.from

still sg m def

18 (e) [0:56] From here to here – that was the threshing floor.

from

this sg n med adj

ost

thus med adv

3sg impf cop

ost

threshing.floor sg m

19 (e) [1:00] Uh huh.

bkch

20 (e) [1:00] Underneath was a “floor” layered [with] big stones. Like these.

below

floor sg n

order sg n P.part P

stout pl adj

stone pl m

ost

such pl med adj

21 (GK) You all called it a “layered floor.”

nom 2pl

dat n 3sg clt

call 2pl pres I

floor sg n

order sg n P.part P

22 (e) [1:06] A “floor”, in the old way [of talking].

yes

floor sg n

in.old.way adv

23 (GK) O.K. [And]?

takà

thus adv

така

24 (e) [1:14 ] Oh, you’re writing this all down at the same time?

disc

nom 2sg

simultaneously adv

and

record 2sg pres I

25 (GK) Yes.

disc

26 (e) [1:16] The dialect, I guess?

dialect sg m def

surely adv

27 (GK) Yes.

disc

28 (e) [1:18] Yes. Well – then you thresh with the mules, and you toss the straw –

yes

and

acc refl clt

thresh 3sg pres I

then med adv

with

mule pl n def med

when conj

acc refl clt

throw 3sg pres P

straw sg f def med

29 (GK) Wait [a minute]. This is – on the stones? Just that?

wait sg imv I

now adv

nom n 3sg

[...]

atop

stone sg m def

interr clt

only sg n adj

acc refl clt

do.thus 3sg pres I

30 (e) [1:28] The sheaves [you mean]?

snòpjetu

sheaf pl m def med

сноп

interr clt

ли

31 (GK) Right.

à

disc

32 (e) [1:29] Yes.

yes

33 (GK) On the ground just like that, with the grass on it?

hes

earth sg f def

[...]

with

grass sg f def

interr clt

how rel

3sg pres cop clt

34 (e) [1:33] There was a fence here, a wall.

hes

disc

here adv

impf exist

fence sg f

wall sg m

35 (GK) Yes.

yes

36 (e) [1:37] It was fenced off so that dirt couldn’t get into the threshing area.

fence sg n P.part P

and

comp

neg

can pres imprs

comp

enter 3sg pres I

soil sg f

threshing.floor sg m def

37 (GK) Uh huh.

bkch

38 (e) [1:43] So it’ll be …

də

comp

3sg pres cop clt

съм

39 (GK) Yes.

yes

40 (e) [1:43] … clean. So the place where the grain falls will be clean.

clean sg n adj

grain sg n def med

where rel med

fall 3sg pres I

comp

clean sg n adj

41 (GK) Doesn’t grass sprout on the threshing field?

but

grass sg f

neg

sprout 3sg pres I

interr clt

threshing.floor sg m def

42 (e) [1:50] It sprouts up between the stones, but you pluck out the grass, and clean [the area]

sprout 3sg pres I

between

stone pl m def med

however adv

acc refl clt

pick 3sg pres I

grass sg f def med

and

acc refl clt

clean 3sg pres I

43 (e) [1:57] with a broom so that the grain you gather up later [will be] clean.

with

one sg f adj

broom sg f

comp

can pres imprs

grain sg n def med

after adv

comp

acc refl clt

gather 3sg pres P

clean sg n adj

44 (GK) Aha. And first did they – how did they call those – that, “nakɤlvavat” (cut up small)?

excl

and

hes

first adv

acc refl clt

[...]

how interr

dat 3pl clt

call 3pl impf I

45 (GK) [did they say] “nakɤlvavat” [in the meaning “cut up small”]?

tovà

that sg n adj

този

[ .. ]

nakəl’vàvət

cut.up.small 3pl pres I

накълвавам

acc n 3sg clt

46 (e) [2:09] You chop it up with an ax.

with

ax sg f

acc refl clt

chop 3sg pres I

47 (GK) You didn’t [use the word] “nakɤlvava”?

nom 2pl

neg

call 2pl pres I

cut.up.small 3sg pres I

накълвавам

sə

acc refl clt

се

48 (e) [2:13] [For] what?

kujè

what sg n adj

кой

49 (GK) The grain. The sheaves.

grain sg n def

sheaf pl m def

50 (e) [2:16] First you break it up – with a pitchfork.

first adv

acc refl clt

break.up 3sg pres I

with

pitchfork sg f

51 (GK) [2:18] Aha!

əhɤ̀

bkch

52 (e) [2:20] The grain falls out, you gather it up, and after that

fall 3sg pres P

grain sg n def med

gather 3sg pres P

acc refl clt

and

after

this sg n med adj

53 (GK) And it’s after that that you let out the bulls – or is it oxen?

and

after adv

interr clt

small.bull pl n

acc refl clt

release 3pl pres I

there adv

ox pl m

54 (e) [2:24] Yes, after that. After you cut the sheaves,

yes

after adv

after adv

when conj

acc refl clt

cut 3sg pres P

sheaf pl m def med

55 (GK) Yes.

yes

56 (e) [2:27] and then they start up the horses – horses, hinnies, it doesn’t matter –

and

release 3pl pres P

hes

release 3pl pres I

then med adv

horse pl m def med

horse pl m

interr clt

hinny pl m

interr clt

independently adv

57 (e) [2:33] and they trample it and crush it and bring it into the hayloft.

and

acc n 3sg clt

trample 3pl pres P

crush 3pl pres P

acc n 3sg clt

and

acc refl clt

gather 3sg pres I

hayloft sg f def med

58 (GK) Uh huh. And how do you keep it in the hayloft? Let’s say you’ve got rye,

disc

hayloft sg f def

how interr

acc refl clt

guard 3sg pres I

comp

say 1pl pres P

have 2sg pres I

rye sg f

59 (GK) you’ve got – what else? You didn’t plant wheat?

have 2sg pres I

hes

what sg n interr

other sg n adj

there adv

wheat sg f

nom 2pl

neg

2pl pres aux clt

plant pl L.part I

60 (e) [2:47] None of that! There’s the hayloft over there.

pres neg exist

adrs

ost

ost

hayloft sg f def med

there adv

61 (GK) And how did you keep things? Did you have separate areas where –

and

how interr

acc sg n 3sg

guard 2pl impf I

have 2pl impf I

interr clt

separate pl adj

place pl n

where rel

62 (GK) some special place in the hayloft to keep grain – that is, individual grains?

special sg n adj

place sg n

rel

comp

acc n 3sg clt

keep 2pl pres I

hayloft sg f def

grain sg n def

this sg n adj

grain sg n def

63 (e) [2:57] The grain was [kept] in the barn, separately, in sacks.

grain sg n def med

barn sg m def

separately adv

sack pl m

64 (e) [3:01] They winnow it in the wind so it will be clean.

winnow 3pl pres P

acc n 3sg clt

thus med adv

wind sg m def

comp

clean sg n adj

65 (GK) Uh huh. How did you winnow it?

disc

how interr

acc sg n 3sg

winnow 2pl impf I

66 (e) [3:06] Well, with grates. These [things with] handles.

disc

with

grate sg n def med

some pl adj

handle pl f

such pl med adj

67 (GK) [3:09] Uh huh.

bkch

68 (e) [3:10] Like these things that itinerant peddlers sell.

such sg n med adj

rel

sell 3pl pres I

peddler pl m def med

69 (GK) Uh huh.

bkch

70 (e) [3:16] And you raise it like this, on a plastic sheet, a horse blanket –

and

acc n 3sg clt

raise 3sg pres I

thus med adv

plastic sg m

horse.blanket sg m

71 (GK) Uh huh.

bkch

72 (e) [3:21] something. You raise it and it disperses in the wind. The chaff falls away,

something sg n

raise 3sg pres I

acc n 3sg clt

and

wind sg m def

acc refl clt

winnow 3sg pres I

chaff sg f def med

flee 3sg pres I

73 (e) [3:26] and what’s left is pure grain. They gather it up into sacks [and put it] in the barn

remain 3sg pres I

clean sg n adj

grain sg n def med

gather 3pl pres I

dat refl clt

acc n 3sg clt

sack pl m

barn sg m def

74 (e) [3:31] And it’s ready for the winter. For grinding, for food,

and

for

winter sg f def med

3sg pres cop clt

ready sg n adj

for

for

grind vbl.n I

for

eat vbl.n I

75 (e) [3:34] for the livestock, for the chickens –

for

animal pl m

interr clt

for

hen pl f

interr clt

76 (GK) Uh huh, uh huh,

bkch

bkch

77 (e) [3:38] Yes.

yes

78 (GK) Uh huh. OK then. In our region they call this softest part, what’s left

disc

now adv

our sg m def adj

region m sg

this sg n adj

most

soft sg n def adj

rel

remain 3sg pres I

79 (GK) after the animals crush it up, after you thresh – they call this “mekina”.

from

when conj

acc n 3sg clt

crush 3pl pres I

animal pl n def

when conj

acc refl clt

thresh 3sg pres P

dat n 3sg clt

call 3pl pres I

soft.part sg f

80 (GK) Have you heard this word around here?

acc 2pl

hear sg m L.part I

interr clt

2sg pres aux clt

this sg f adj

word sg f

81 (e) [3:50] No.

не

82 (GK) It’s [just] chaff.

chaff sg f

dat refl clt

3sg pres cop clt

83 (e) [3:52] The chaff?

pl’evɤ̀tə

chaff sg f def med

плява

84 (GK) Yes.

yes

85 (e) [3:55] But that – the chaff remains separate.

disc

nom f 3sg

chaff sg f def med

dat refl clt

remain 3sg pres I

separately adv

86 (GK) So now if there are stones, and some dirt [comes in], after that

and

now adv

if conj

pres exist

stone pl m

something sg n

soil sg f

after

this sg n adj

87 (GK) do you clean it some other way? For instance the grains.

clean 3sg pres I

interr clt

acc refl clt

other sg m adj

manner sg m

some.kind sg m adj

for.example adv

grain sg n def

88 (GK) You gather the grains up afterwards into a pile, right?

grain sg n def

acc n 3sg clt

gather 2pl pres I

after adv

pile sg m

interr

89 (e) [4:10] Yes.

yes

90 (GK) Did you call that “sor” in the old days? Something else? Was there a word for it?

call 2pl impf I

interr clt

dat n 3sg clt

pile sg m

one sg n adj

time sg n

how interr

word sg f

impf exist

interr clt

for

91 (e) [4:14] In a pile. It’s gathered into a pile.

pile sg m

pile sg m

acc refl clt

gather 3sg pres I

92 (GK) Into a pile.

pile sg m

93 (e) [4:15] Into a “sor”, into a “sor”.

pile sg m

pile sg m

94 (GK) Ah, [it was] a “sor” …

disc

pile sg m

95 (e) [4:17] Into a “sor”.

pile sg m

96 (GK) … [that] you called it. Ah, so.

dat m 3sg clt

call 2pl impf I

disc

thus adv

97 (e) [4:18] In general [terms].

mean 3sg pres I

generally adv

98 (GK) “Sor”.

sòr

pile sg m

сор

99 (e) [4:23] As for the husks, you twirl the grate around like this. The women

yes

and

rel

pres exist

husk pl m

grate sg n def med

acc n 3sg clt

turn 3sg pres P

thus med adv

100 (e) [4:27] twirl it around and the husks stay behind. [All that] rises up.

woman pl f def med

acc n 3sg clt

turn 3pl pres I

and

husk pl m def med

remain 3sg pres I

raise 3sg pres I

acc refl clt

above adv

101 (e) [4:31] It’s lighter, you know.

interr

3sg pres cop clt

light sg n adj

102 (GK) Aha!

əhà

bkch

103 (e) [4:32] It gets separated from the wheat and rises up.

emerge 3sg pres I

from

grain sg n def med

and

acc refl clt

raise 3sg pres I

above adv

104 (e) [4:34] They gather it up in their hands and throw it off [to the side],

nom 3pl

acc n 3sg clt

gather 3pl pres I

with

hand pl f def med

and

acc n 3sg clt

fʌ̀rlət

throw 3pl pres I

хвърлям

105 (GK) Aha,

əhà

bkch

106 (e) [4:37] and that’s how it gets purified.

and

thus med adv

acc sg n 3sg

purify 3sg pres P

107 (GK) Ah. So then this grate: was there a particular word

disc

this sg n adj

grate sg n

impf exist

interr clt

dat n 3sg clt

special sg f adj

word sg f

108 (GK) for it? Did you say “grate”? What is it made from?

comp

acc refl clt

say 3sg pres I

nom n 3sg

grate sg n

from

what sg n interr

3sg pres cop clt

make sg n P.part P

109 (e) [4:46] From leather.

from

от

kòž’e

skin sg f

кожа

110 (GK) From leather. And underneath, [there was] –

from

skin sg f

with

hes

below adv

mean 3sg pres I

111 (e) [4:51] Holes, the size of a cigarette, [for things] to go [through].

hole pl f

how.much rel

cigarette sg f def

down adv

comp

enter 3sg pres P

112 (GK) Aha. So that stones could go through there, and –

disc

from

there adv

can pres imprs

comp

fall 3pl pres P

stone pl m

and

113 (e) [4:57] No, that’s where the grain goes through –

from.there adv

pass 3sg pres I

grain sg n def med

114 (GK) Ah! [It’s] the grain [that] passes through and falls –

excl

grain sg n def

dat refl clt

pass 3sg pres I

below adv

fall 3sg pres I

115 (e) [4:59] Yes, the grain falls through, and what’s left is the awns and husks.

comp

grain sg n def med

pass 3sg pres I

below adv

and

this sg n med adj

rel

awn sg m def

husk pl m

remain 3sg pres I

116 (GK) Aha, and then you gather that up in your hands …

disc

and

nom n 3sg

acc refl clt

gather 3sg pres I

with

hand sg f

117 (e) [5:06] Yes.

yes

118 (GK) … and throw it off to the side. Right.

and

acc refl clt

throw 3sg pres P

sideways adv

disc

119 (e) [5:08] You can also thresh in the meadow. Where it’s flat [that is].

can pres imprs

and

meadow sg f

comp

acc refl clt

thresh 3sg pres I

where rel

3sg pres cop clt

flat sg n adj

120 (GK) But still you’d have to have stones underneath, [wouldn’t you]?

but

again adv

need pres I imprs

comp

pres exist

stone pl m

below adv

121 (e) [5:13] No.

nè

не

122 (GK) But how do you do it [then]?

disc

how interr

acc refl clt

do 3sg pres I

123 (e) [5:15] You can do it without, if it’s dry. But it is harder to sweep [up] the grains.

can pres imprs

comp

pres neg exist

when conj

3sg pres cop clt

dry sg n adj

thus med adv

difficult adv

acc refl clt

sweep 3sg pres I

grain sg n def med

124 (GK) Uh huh.

bkch

125 (e) [5:19] It stays in the grass.

remain 3sg pres I

dat refl clt

grass sg f def med

126 (GK) Hm.

həm

bkch

127 (e) [5:22] Yes

yes

128 (GK) But didn’t the grass get cleaned [out] beforehand?

neg

acc refl clt

interr clt

clean 3sg impf I

grass sg f def

before adv

129 (e) [5:24] Well, like it is down there, you see …

disc

this sg n med adj

below adv

see sg imv P

130 (GK) Uh huh.

bkch

131 (e) [5:26] … where there’s –

kədè

where inter.rel

къде

3sg pres cop clt

съм

132 (GK) Yes.

comp

133 (e) [5:28] That’s where they could thresh. And they did. They clear it off

ost

there adv

can pres imprs

comp

comp

thresh 3pl pres I

and

thresh pl L.part I

3pl pres aux clt

clear.off 3pl pres P

acc n 3sg clt

134 (e) [5:32] a bit with a “turpan” (scythe) so there’s nothing big [in the way], and they thresh.

with

scythe sg m def

little adv

comp

pres neg exist

coarse sg n adj

and

thresh 3pl pres I

135 (GK) What is this “turpan”?

what sg n interr

3sg pres cop clt

this sg n adj

scythe sg m

136 (e) [5:39] A “turpan”, [the thing] that you mow gr- hay with. A mower.

scythe sg m def

rel

mow 3sg pres I

[...]

hay sg n def med

mower sg n

137 (GK) Aha.

bkch

138 (e) [5:43] A scythe.

kòsə

scythe sg f

коса

139 (GK) A scythe.

kosà

scythe sg f

коса

140 (e) [5:43] A scythe.

kòsə

scythe sg f

коса

141 (GK) That’s what you call it.

this sg n adj

dat n 3sg clt

call 2pl pres I

142 (e) [5:45] It’s called a “turpan” here.

[...]

here adv

acc m 3sg clt

say 3pl pres I

scythe sg m

143 (GK) Aha.

bkch

144 (e) [5:52] Yes. But in the fields we reap with a sickle. Fields with rye.

comp

hes

field sg f def med

acc refl clt

reap 3sg pres I

with

sickle sg m

this sg f med adj

field sg f

rye sg f def med

145 (GK) Aha.

bkch

146 (e) [5:58] You know what a sickle is, right? This thing that’s round.

sickle sg m

interr

acc m 3sg clt

know 2pl pres I

such sg n med adj

one sg n adj

round sg n adj

147 (GK) On the front part where the blade is –

from

front sg f def adj

side sg f

rel

rel

3sg pres cop clt

blade sg n def

148 (GK) is that [part] smooth, or is it –

this sg n adj

hes

smooth sg n adj

interr clt

3sg pres cop clt

149 (e) [6:07] Well, I have one. I can show it to you. My sickle.

disc

nom 1sg

acc m 3sg clt

have 1sg pres I

can 1sg pres I

dat 2sg clt

acc m 3sg clt

show 3sg pres P

sickle sg m def med

150 (GK) Is it smooth, or is it this [other way]?

smooth sg n adj

interr clt

3sg pres cop clt

this.sort sg n adj

151 (e) [6:13] [It’s] jagged.

nəzɤ̀benku

toothlike sg n adj

назъбя

152 (GK) It’s jagged.

nəzɤ̀benu

toothlike sg n adj

назъбя

3sg pres cop clt

съм

153 (e) [6:13] [It’s] jagged [in the area] that does the cutting.

toothlike sg n adj

rel

cut 3sg pres I

154 (GK) Uh huh.

bkch

155 (e) [6:16] It’s got these teeth, and that’s what does the cutting.

with

little.teeth pl f

and

cut 3sg pres I

this sg n med adj

156 (GK) Did you put something onto your left hand?

left sg f def adj

hand sg f

put 2pl impf I

interr clt

something sg n

157 (e) [6:20] On the left hand there’s what they call a swaphook

nə

на

l’ɛ̀vətə

left sg f def med adj

hand sg f

pres exist

swaphook sg f

say 3pl pres I

158 (GK) Aha.

bkch

159 (e) [6:24] A woman pushes it onto her fingers so they don’t get cut when she reaps.

stick 3sg pres I

acc f 3sg clt

finger pl m def med

comp

neg

acc refl clt

cut 3sg pres I

when conj

reap 3sg pres I

woman sg f def med

160 (GK) It’s [used] only for that?

only adv

for

this sg n adj

interr clt

161 (e) [6:29] Yes.

yes

162 (GK) But for –

à

but

zə

for

за

163 (e) [6:30] and it gathers more.

and

gather 3sg pres I

more adv

164 (GK) Uh huh.

bkch

165 (e) [6:32] It gathers more straw because it’s hooked here, like a horn.

gather 3sg pres I

more adv

straw sg f

because conj

nom f 3sg

3sg pres cop clt

with

hook sg f

ost

here adv

with

horn sg m

166 (GK) Uh huh.

bkch

167 (e) [6:36] See, there’s this “horn” [on] …

ost

such sg m med adj

horn sg m

have 3sg pres I

168 (GK) Uh huh.

bkch

169 (e) [6:37] … the swap hook.

pələmàrkətə

swaphook sg f def med

паламарка

170 (GK) Uh huh.

bkch

171 (e) [6:41] It’s got holes. It’s wooden.

pres exist

hole pl f

nom f 3sg

3sg pres cop clt

wooden sg f adj

172 (GK) Uh huh.

bkch

173 (e) [6:43] Have you ever seen one? No?

see sg m L.part I

interr clt

2sg pres aux clt

174 (GK) No.

nè

не

175 (e) [6:45] It’s wooden. You push your four fingers in, and there’s the horn here.

wooden sg f adj

3sg pres cop clt

push 3sg pres P

four def med

finger ct m

pres exist

here adv

horn sg m

then med adv

176 (e) [6:50] After the fingers there’s a horn. See, like this,

after

finger pl m def med

pres exist

horn sg m

ost

such sg m med adj

177 (GK) Aha.

bkch

178 (e) [6:52] where it gathers up the straw. You grab it thus, and the sickle reaps from below.

rel

gather 3sg pres I

straw sg f def med

grab 3sg pres P

thus med adv

and

below adv

reap 3sg pres I

sickle sg m def

179 (GK) From below. Does it slash [the grain] or –

oddòlu

below adv

отдолу

hes

acc n 3sg clt

cut 3sg pres I

acc n 3sg clt

180 (e) [6:58] It cuts it.

hes

rèže

cut 3sg pres I

режа

acc n 3sg clt

181 (GK) It cuts it.

rèže

cut 3sg pres I

режа

acc n 3sg clt

182 (e) [6:59] It cuts it. It’s sharp, jagged. And it cuts like this. Several times,

cut 3sg pres I

acc n 3sg clt

nom n 3sg

3sg pres cop clt

sharp sg n adj

toothlike sg n adj

cut 3sg pres I

thus med adv

several adv

time pl m

183 (e) [7:03] [in] handfuls, they call them. I put [the straw] in sheaves. There’s another [person]

handful pl f

acc n 3sg clt

say 3pl pres I

put 1sg pres P

acc n 3sg clt

sheaf pl m

other sg m adj

pres exist

again adv

184 (e) [7:07] who gathers it and ties it, like this, into sheaves. Then off to the threshing floor.

and

acc n 3sg clt

gather 3sg pres I

acc n 3sg clt

tie 3sg pres I

thus med adv

sheaf pl m

and

depart 3sg pres I

threshing.floor sg m def

185 (GK) Uh huh. Uh huh. So, O.K. Then after you take it to the hayloft

bkch

bkch

thus adv

and

after adv

when conj

acc n 3sg clt

take 2pl pres P

hayloft sg m def

186 (GK) you keep it in a separate place there, in bags.

there adv

separate sg n adj

place sg n

bag pl m

acc n 3sg clt

keep 2pl pres I

187 (e) [7:21] No, [you do] it there –

nom n 3sg

there adv

188 (GK) At the threshing field.

nə

на

harmàne

threshing.floor sg m def

189 (e) [7:22] you pile it up in a pile [there].

acc refl clt

pile 3sg pres I

pile sg m

190 (GK) Aha.

bkch

191 (e) [7:23] You pile it up in a pile, and later you take it in a basket for –

pile 3sg pres I

acc refl clt

pile sg m

and

after adv

acc refl clt

take 3sg pres I

basket sg m def

for

192 (e) [7:27] the cow, the mule – for the livestock.

for

cow sg f def med

for

mule sg n def med

for

for

livestock sg m def

193 (GK) The straw is for the livestock.

straw sg f def

3sg pres cop clt

for

livestock sg m def

194 (e) [7:32] Yes.

yes

195 (GK) The chaff.

pl’evɤ̀tə

chaff sg f def med

плява

196 (e) [7:34] Yes.

yes

197 (GK) And the grain?

and

zərnòto

grain sg n def

зърно

198 (e) [7:38] The grain [is kept] separately, in bags. Separately, in the barn.

grain sg n def med

separately adv

bag pl m def med

barn sg m def

separately adv

199 (GK) So, and [then] where did you used to grind it?

thus adv

and

where interr

acc n 3sg clt

grind 2pl impf I

200 (e) [7:43] But, there are mills! There are mills at Leska, where there are people by the river.

disc

pres exist

mill pl f

pres exist

Leska sg f place

mill pl f

where rel med

pres exist

people pl

river sg f def med

201 (GK) Mmhm.

bkch

202 (e) [7:52] They built mills [there]. [Grain] is driven there, and ground.

3pl pres aux clt

make pl L.part P

mill pl f

drive 3sg pres I

acc refl clt

there adv

and

acc refl clt

grind 3sg pres I

203 (GK) Mmhm, mhmh. And did you have any sort of mills in the house

bkch

bkch

and

at.home adv

have 2pl impf I

interr clt

dat refl clt

mill pl f

such pl adj

204 (GK) that you could grind – that women could grind by hand?

comp

acc refl clt

grind 3sg pres I

comp

grind 3pl pres I

woman pl f def

hand sg f

205 (e) [8:03] There’s one that they grind corn with. It chops up the kernels into –

pres exist

rel

corn sg f

grind 3pl pres I

acc f 3sg clt

chop 3sg pres I

acc n 3sg clt

kernel sg n def med

206 (e) [8:08] well, how can I tell you?

thus med adv

how interr

comp

dat 2sg clt

say 1sg pres P

207 (GK) Say the word the way you call it.

how rel

dat n 3sg clt

call 2pl pres I

word sg f def

say sg imv P

208 (e) [8:12] They call it cornmeal.

cornmeal sg f

acc n 3sg clt

say 3pl pres I

209 (GK) Uh huh.

bkch

210 (e) [8:14] It’s ground up very tiny, and then they cook it with a little bit of beans,

tiny sg n adj

acc n 3sg clt

grind 3sg pres P

and

acc n 3sg clt

cook 3pl pres I

with

little adv

beans sg m

211 (GK) Uh huh.

bkch

212 (e) [8:18] and it becomes soup.

and

become 3sg pres I

soup sg f

213 (GK) You called it soup. Didn’t that dish have some particular name?

soup sg f

2pl pres aux clt

dat n 3sg clt

call pl L.part I

impf neg exist

interr clt

this sg f adj

dish sg f

special sg n adj

name sg n

214 (GK) Some name that was its alone? When they say “soup” that means –

some.kind sg n adj

name sg n

her sg n adj

dat refl clt

only adv

soup sg f

when conj

say 3pl pres P

this sg n adj

mean 3sg pres I

215 (e) [8:26] Soup.

č’òrbə

soup sg f

чорба

216 (GK) Cornmeal with this –

cornmeal sg f

with

such sg n med adj

217 (e) [8:29] Cornmeal with beans.

cornmeal sg f

with

beans sg m

218 (GK) Uh huh – that’s what it’s called.

disc

thus adv

acc refl clt

say 3sg pres I

219 (e) [8:31] Yes. Mmhm.

yes

disc

220 (GK) Uh huh. [So then.] How did people used to plow?

bkch

how interr

plow 3pl impf I

221 (e) [8:44] With oxen.

səs

with

hes

vòluve

ox pl m

вол

222 (GK) Only with oxen?

with

ox pl m

only adv

223 (e) [8:48] Earlier, they plowed with oxen. They harness two oxen

with

ox pl m

early adv

plow 3pl impf I

two m

ox ct m

acc refl clt

harness 3pl pres I

224 (e) [8:52] with [a piece of wood] connected here, and a plow. One person drives it –

with

wood sg n

here adv

attach pl P.part P

and

with

plow sg n def med

one sg m adj

acc 3pl clt

drive 3sg pres I

225 (GK) Yes. Uh [this] one – is he in front or behind?

yes

hes

one sg m adj

in.front adv

behind adv

226 (e) [9:01] No, only behind, where he holds the plow.

only adv

behind adv

rel

hold 3sg pres I

plow sg n def med

227 (GK) Right.

tɤ̀j

thus adv

тъй

228 (e) [9:04] But there’s no oxen now. [People] plow with a mule now.

and

now adv

ox pl m

pres neg exist

now adv

with

mule pl n

plow 3pl pres I

229 (GK) Now, this thing where the oxen are attached, how did you call that?

and

now adv

there adv

rel

3pl pres cop clt

attach pl P.part P

ox pl m def

this sg n adj

how interr

dat n 3sg clt

say 2pl impf I

230 (e) [9:10] Uh –

əə

disc

231 (GK) A yoke?

umòt’

yoke sg m

хомот

232 (e) [9:18] Hah, a yoke!

umòt’

yoke sg m

хомот

adrs

бе

233 (GK) Yes?

à

disc

234 (e) [9:20] Ahh, a yoke!

umòd

yoke sg m

хомот

adrs

бе

235 (GK) Is that how you used to call it?

thus adv

interr clt

dat m 3sg clt

say 2pl pres I

236 (e) [9:21] I’ve forgotten it, devil take it! Yes, the yoke. The yoke and the plow

forget sg m L.part P

acc m 3sg clt

1sg pres aux clt

Mom sg f

dat m 3sg clt

old sg f adj

excl

yoke sg m

yoke sg m

and

plow sg n

237 (e) [9:26] Look at you, how do you know that?! [laughter]

ost

see sg imv P

nom 2sg

how interr

acc n 3sg clt

know 2sg pres I

238 (GK) Well, that happens to be my [line of] work! [laughter]

acc 1sg

this sg n adj

dat 1sg clt

3sg pres cop clt

work sg f def

239 (e) [9:29] Well, well.

disc

240 (GK) [laughter]

[...]

241 (e) [9:39] I forgot it. That’s stuff from a long time ago, you know?

forget sg m L.part P

acc n 3sg clt

1sg pres aux clt

this sg n med adj

long.ago sg f adj

work sg f

adrs

242 (GK) Well, that’s my work. So, O.K., that’s below. Which part do you call

this sg n adj

this sg n adj

dat 1sg clt

3sg pres cop clt

work sg f

mean 3sg pres I

below adv

good adv

which sg n interr adj

acc refl clt

say 3sg pres I

243 (GK) the yoke – the upper piece of wood or the lower one?

yoke sg m

upper sg n def adj

wood sg n

lower sg n def adj

244 (e) [9:41] What’s on the oxen.

rel

ox pl m def med

245 (GK) That’s it. And [it’s made from] two [pieces of] wood, right?

pres exist

nom n 3sg

interr

3sg pres cop clt

from

two n

wood pl n

246 (e) [9:46] No, [just] from one.

from

one sg n adj

247 (GK) From one [piece of] wood. One [piece of] wood on top, is that it?

from

one sg n adj

wood sg n

one sg n adj

above adv

wood sg n

thus adv

interr clt

248 (e) [9:49] One on top. One [piece of] wood on top, and it lies on the neck

one sg n adj

above adv

one sg n adj

above adv

wood sg n

and

lie 3sg pres I

neck sg m def

249 (e) [9:56] of both one ox and the other, like this – one light [piece of wood]

one sg m def adj

ox sg m

and

other m def adj

ost

thus adv

one sg n adj

wood sg n

light sg n adj

250 (e) [10:01] on [their] necks. And there’s holes bored here, and large pins dropped [into them].

neck sg m def

and

here adv

pres exist

bore sg n P.part P

hole pl f

drop pl P.part P

pin pl m

251 (GK) Right –

tɤ̀j

thus adv

тъй

252 (e) [10:06] The pins come down like this. Here’s one, and here’s the other.

pin pl m def med

hes

descend 3pl pres I

thus med adv

ost

here adv

one sg n adj

and

here adv

other sg n adj

253 (e) [10:12] [They fit] tight. And here’s [where] you bind it up here with a tie, a rope.

tight pl adj

and

here adv

acc refl clt

tie 3sg pres I

with

tie sg f

rope sg f

254 (GK) O.K. now, here we’ve got it. There’s this thing here, how do you call it?

è

ost

acc n 3sg clt

now adv

how interr

3sg pres cop clt

here adv

pres exist

this sg n adj

one sg n def adj

how interr

acc refl clt

say 3sg pres I

255 (e) [10:21] That’s the yoke.

this sg n med adj

3sg pres cop clt

yoke sg m def

256 (GK) Right.

tɤ̀j

thus adv

тъй

257 (e) [10:23] And this that’s hanging down below, that’s called the pins.

and

this sg n med adj

below adv

rel

hang sg n P.part P

acc refl clt

say 3sg pres I

pin pl m

258 (GK) This here, one of them?

this sg n adj

one sg f def adj

259 (e) [10:28] [That’s] one, and here there is one

one sg f def adj

and

here adv

pres exist

one sg f adj

260 (GK) One “pin”, is that how you call it?

pin sg m

interr clt

acc refl clt

say 3sg pres I

how interr

261 (e) [10:31] Pins, pins!

pin pl m

pin pl m

262 (GK) They’re called “pins”.

pin pl m

acc refl clt

say 3sg pres I

263 (e) [10:32] Yes.

yes